All "laws in force" in the territory of India immediately before commencement of the Constitution, for the purpose of Article 13 of the Constitution do not include:

A. Laws made or passed by the elected State Legislature in the territory of India before commencement of the Constitution

B. Laws made by the competent authority in the territory of India before the commencement of the Constitution

C. Taxing statute enforced before the commencement of the Constitution

D. Independent provIsIon of the Constitution with stands on an equal footing with Article 13 of the Constitution

Answer: Option D