Ferrous alloys are usually cast by . . . . . . . .

Solution (By Examveda Team)

Ferrous alloys, such as cast iron and steel, have very high melting points compared to non-ferrous metals.

Die casting machines, including hot and cold chamber types, are typically used for non-ferrous metals like aluminum, zinc, and magnesium, which have relatively low melting points.

Hot chamber machines are not suitable for ferrous alloys because the molten metal would corrode or damage the injection components.

Cold chamber machines are also unsuitable due to similar issues with extreme temperatures and wear.

Ferrous alloys are usually cast using sand casting, investment casting, or shell molding, which can withstand the high temperatures required.

Therefore, none of the options listed are appropriate for casting ferrous alloys.