Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer:
Assertion (A) Machiavellism stands for double standard of morals, one for the ruler and another for the private citizen.
Reason (R) The ruler, as the creator of the state, is not only outside the law and outside morality as well.

Who said that revolution is that process by which a radical alteration of a particular society occurs over a time span?

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer:
Assertion (A) No genuine understanding of Aristotle can endorse the opinion that his philosophise system was the opposite of Plato.
Reason (R) Aristotle's system is an attempt to Philosophical on idealism free from the defects of Plato's system.

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:

List-I (Aristotle's theory of causation)	List-II (Explanations)
a. The efficient cause	1. The substance and essence of the thing
b. The final cause	2. Matter of which it is composed
c. The material cause	3. The purpose towards which the movement is directed.
d. The formal cause	4. The cause of motion

John Locke's contribution chiefly lies in his
1. Consent theory
2. Limited government
3. Theory of state as a corporate body
4. Organic conception of state
Select the correct answer: