Which among the below stated logical circuits are present in encoder and decoder used for the implementation of cyclic codes?
1. Shift Registers
2. Modulo-2 Adders
3. Counters
4. Multiplexers

Quadrature multiplexing is

A. The same as FDM

B. The same as TDM

C. A combination of FDM and TDM

D. Quite different from FDM and TDM

A communication channel with AWGN operating at a signal to noise ratio SNR >> 1 and bandwidth 6 has capacity C₁. If the SNR is doubled keeping B constant, the resulting capacity C₂ is given by

A. C₂ ≈ 2C₁

B. C₂ ≈ C₁ + B

C. C₂ ≈ C₁ + 2B

D. C₂ ≈ C₁ + 0.3B

To obtain the transfer function of a convolutional code, the splitting of all-zero state takes place into . . . . . . . .
1. Starting state
2. First return to all-zero state
3. In-between state

A. 1 and 2

B. 2 and 3

C. 1 and 3

D. None of the above

Which decoding method involves the evaluation by means of Fano Algorithm?

A. Maximum Likelihood Decoding

B. Sequential Decoding

C. Both A and B

D. None of the above