A boy sitting in an open car moving with the constant speed throws a ball straight up into the air. The ball falls

The moment ball is thrown, it is moving with the velocity of the car. According to the inertia of motion it will continue to move in the same direction with the same velocity. As the ball is moving up and the down it will maintain its forward motion but practically it is not possible to neglect the resistance caused by air friction. So, the ball will fall behind him. Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion or rest, or the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion.