A system function is $$H\left( s \right) = \frac{{V\left( s \right)}}{{I\left( s \right)}} = \frac{s}{{s + 3}},$$     the system is at rest for t < 0. i(t) = 2u(t) is an unit step. v(t) for t > 0 is given by

The Fourier transform of a real valued time signal has

The RMS value of a rectangular wave of period T, having a value of +V for a duration, T₁(< T) and -V for the duration, T - T₁ = T₂ equals

A continuous time function x(t) is periodic with period T. The function is sampled uniformly with a sampling period T_s. In which one of the following cases is the sampled signal periodic?

The phase response of a passband waveform at the receiver is given by
$$\varphi \left( f \right) = - 2\pi \alpha \left( {f - {f_c}} \right) - 2\alpha \beta {f_c},$$
where f_c is the centre frequency, and α and β are positive constants. The actual signal propagation delay from the transmittance to receiver is