Soil Science MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Deforestation is the phenomenon of the removal of forests i.e. trees.
Removal of trees causes global warming, a temperature rise, and ultimately natural calamities like floods and droughts. The flood causes the wash off of the top fertile layer of soil from the agricultural field which is called soil erosion, which makes the soil unfertile and lacks nutrients.
Thus, deforestation has an alarming effect on soil erosion which makes the soil unfertile.

The Central Fertilizer Quality Control Institute is located in Faridabad, Haryana.
The institute functions under the administrative control of the INM Division of the Union Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Department of Agriculture and Farmers welfare as a sub-ordinate office under the administrative control of the joint Secretary.
The main objective of this institute is inspection and analysis of both indigenous and imported fertilizers, also standardization and development of methods of analysis of fertilizers.

Dolomite rock is a sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite CaMg(CO₃)₂. Dolomite is resistant to erosion and can contain bedded layers or be unbedded.
In natural dolomite, magnesium is prominently present between 44 - 50 percent along with calcium, indicating some substitution of calcium into magnesium layers.

Podolization is a complex soil formation process by which dissolved organic matter and ions of iron and aluminiun, released through weathering of various minerals, form organo-mineral complexes and are moved from the upper part of the soil profile and deposit in the deeper parts of the soil.
During Podolization, R₂O₃, CaCO₃ and Humus are accumulated in the B horizon. This generally occurs in areas where precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration.

The most commonly found soil type is Alluvial soil which is available all over our country along with the river sides.
Alluvial soil is loose clay, silt, sand or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed. This soil is also called alluvial deposits, and these are highly fertile.
Black soil is confined to central plateau regions as these are derivatives of trap lava.
Laterite soil is commonly found in Southern states mostly.

The sodium ion is the ion that can cause more water absorption in soils.
Sodium ions have a strong ability to absorb water from their surroundings. Sodium ions are involved in the electrical neutralization of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, pH homeostasis, control of membrane electrical potential and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure.

Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur are known as secondary nutrients.
There are 17 essential nutrient elements required by the plants for proper functioning and growth, which are further classified as micro and macro-nutrient or as primary and secondary nutrients.
The primary nutrients without which the plants may not grow are NPK. (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) whereas the secondary nutrients are required for specific functions in plants and these are calcium, magnesium and Sulphur.

Bacteria are the microbe among the following microorganisms that are responsible for maximum nutrient cycling in the soil. A broad range of bacteria, archaea and fungi play a central and essential role in the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrients.
Microorganisms are responsible for the degradation of organic matter, which controls the release of plant nutrients, but is also important for the maintenance of soil structure and sustainability of soil quality for plant growth.
A nutrient cycling in the soil is a repeated pathway of a particular nutrient or element from the environment through one or more organisms, like, as the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle or phosphorus cycle.

The premature leaf fall is caused due to the deficiency of Nitrogen.
Nitrogen is the most essential nutrient element required for the growth and development of plants.
The deficiency of nitrogen causes the yellowing of green leaves, which ultimately causes the fall of the premature leaf. It also causes reduced in tiller development.

In Gujarat, the deltaic alluvium soil which is sandy loam to silty clay loam in texture is called Goradu soil.
This is alluvial in origin and belongs to the order Alfisol. The texture of the soil is loamy sand. The soil is deep enough to respond well to manuring and a variety of crops of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The organic matter content of only 0.67% and available B varies from 0.3 to 0.5 ppm.