11.
Determine the correctness or otherwise of the following Assertion (A) and the Reason (R).
Assertion: IgM is found in serum as a pentameric protein consisting of five IgM monomers.
Reason: The pentameric form of IgM is due to cross linking of IgM monomers via peptide bond.

13.
Match the immunoglobulin class in Group I with its properties in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. IgG 1. Major antibody in external secretions such as bronchial mucus
Q. IgA 2. Protects against parasites
R. IgE 3. Antibody that appears first in serum after exposure to an antigen
S. IgM 4. Antibody present in highest concentration in serum

14.
Reverse vaccinology indicates

17.
Match items in Group I with correct options from those given in Group II.
Group I Group II
P. Tissue plasminogen activator 1. Immunomodulator
Q. Gamma interferon 2. Biodegradable plastic
R. Podophyllotoxin 3. Clot dissolution
S. Polyhydroxyalkanoate 4. Anti-tumor agent

18.
Gram-positive bacteria are generally resistant to complement-mediated lysis because

19.
Reactions between antibodies and antigens that are detected by precipitate formation in an agar gel are referred as