Petroleum Refinery Engineering MCQ Questions & Answers | Chemical Engineering

In petroleum refinery engineering, the smoke point of kerosene refers to the maximum height of flame (in mm) without causing smoking, when burnt in a standard lamp (Option C).

The smoke point is an important parameter that indicates the quality of kerosene or other liquid fuels. It represents the maximum temperature at which the fuel can be burned without producing visible smoke. When the flame exceeds this height, incomplete combustion occurs, resulting in the emission of smoke.

Therefore, the correct option is Option C: Maximum height of flame (in mm) without causing smoking, when burnt in a standard lamp.

In an atmospheric crude oil distillation column, crude oil is heated and separated into fractions according to their boiling ranges.

The lighter fractions such as LPG, naphtha, kerosene, and gas oils vaporize and are withdrawn from different trays in the column.

The material that remains at the bottom after removal of these lighter components is called Reduced crude, because it has been "reduced" in lighter volatile constituents.

This bottom product is also commonly referred to as atmospheric residue, and it consists of high-boiling hydrocarbons that cannot be further distilled at atmospheric pressure without thermal cracking.

Therefore, it is typically sent to a vacuum distillation unit (VDU) for further processing.

Although residuum is a general term for residue, the more precise and standard term used specifically for the atmospheric column bottom product is Reduced crude.

The Abel apparatus is another commonly used instrument for determining the flash point of volatile liquids. It operates by gradually heating a sample of the liquid in a closed vessel and passing a small flame over the surface of the liquid at regular intervals. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which the vapors of the liquid ignite momentarily when exposed to the flame under specified test conditions.

Therefore, the correct option is Option A: Abel apparatus.