Climate And Weather In Indian Geography MCQ Question and Answer | Geography MCQ Question

In the months of October and November the south west monsoon traces its path backward and is known as retreat of monsoon. It hits the Coromandel coast and brings a considerable amount of rainfall. This is also known as north-east monsoon.

For short-term climatic predictions, El Nino and southern oscillations, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the Indian subcontinent. El Nino and the Southern Oscillation, also known as ENSO is a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature (El Nino) and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere (Southern Oscillation) across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

Punjab receives rainfall due to western disturbances. Western disturbances are extra tropical storms that originate over Mediterranean and flows toward east. In India western disturbances bring winter rainfall in states like Punjab, Haryanana and western Uttar Pradesh.

During the monsoon season rainfall decreases from the Ganga delta to the Punjab plains. It is because monsoon current moves westward along the Ganga plain and becomes drier.

The correct answer is Option A: 2, 4, 1, 3
Let's break down why by looking at how the South-West Monsoon affects each city:
Kolkata (2): Receives the highest rainfall among these cities.
    It's located closer to the Bay of Bengal, where the monsoon originates, meaning it gets hit early and hard.
Patna (4): Gets substantial rainfall, but less than Kolkata.
    The monsoon has travelled further inland by this point, losing some moisture.
Allahabad (1): Receives less rainfall than Patna.
    The monsoon is even weaker as it moves further west.
Delhi (3): Receives the least rainfall of the four from the South-West Monsoon.
    It's relatively far from the coast, and the monsoon currents have often dispersed or weakened by the time they reach Delhi.
So, arranging them from most to least rainfall gives us: Kolkata > Patna > Allahabad > Delhi, which corresponds to the order 2, 4, 1, 3.

The western disturbances which cause winter rain in India originate in West Asia. An approaching western disturbance, however, is expected to cause a change of weather in northern and central India and western parts of Maharashtra. A WD is associated with rainfall, snowfall and fog in northern India. Upon its arrival in Pakistan and northern India, clouds along with rain and snow also arrive.

Leh region in Kashmir is a cold desert, the rainfall here is very less (<50cm). Meghalaya and Konkan coast receives heavy rainfall in monsoon (>200 cm) and Coromandel coast receives more than 100cm rain due to retreating monsoon.

Tamil Nadu receives the highest rainfall during winter months. Tamil Nadu lies on the windward side for these winds and hence gets more rainfall during the winter season. The air, over Siberia cools creating a high pressure area north of the Himalayas.

Mumbai receives more rainfall than Pune because it is located on the coast and Pune is in the interior. Mumbai lies on the windward side of Western Ghats while Pune is located on the leeward side. Windward refers to the direction from which the rain-bearing south west monsoon winds approach the land from sea.

The temperature of Thiruvananthapuram is lower than that of Mumbai in May and higher than that of Mumbai in January, because Thiruvananthapuram has higher rainfall in summer and it is nearer to the equator.