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Environmental Geology and Sustainability MCQs Questions & Answers | Geological Engineering

Learn and practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers related to Environmental Geology and Sustainability. These resources are available for Geological engineering students who wish to clear GATE exams, technical interviews, competitive examinations, and other entrance exams. The Environmental Geology and Sustainability chapter is particularly important for students studying Geological engineering. Page-6 section-1

Each section contains 100 MCQs on Environmental Geology and Sustainability .
51
What is the primary cause of groundwater depletion in many areas?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
Over-irrigation leads to excessive withdrawal of groundwater beyond natural recharge rates.This causes lowering of water tables and resource depletion.
52
What does the term �land subsidence� refer to?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Land subsidence is the gradual downward movement of the earth's surface often due to groundwater withdrawal or mining.This can damage infrastructure and increase flood risk.
53
Which of the following is NOT a typical contaminant found in landfill leachate?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Radioactive isotopes are generally not common landfill contaminants.Heavy metals, organics, and nutrients are typically present in leachate.
54
What is the main environmental hazard caused by volcanic eruptions?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Volcanic eruptions release ash and gases such as sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.This can affect air quality, climate, and human health.
55
What is a major effect of soil contamination by heavy metals?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Heavy metals such as lead and mercury are toxic to organisms.They disrupt biological processes and pose health risks.
56
Which process describes the natural breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Chemical weathering involves alteration of minerals through reactions with water, acids, or oxygen.This changes rock composition and structure.
57
What is meant by �sustainable development� in environmental geology?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Sustainable development balances economic growth with environmental protection to ensure long-term resource availability.
58
Which of the following is used to remediate soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
Phytoremediation uses plants to absorb and break down hydrocarbon pollutants.It is a green and cost-effective method.
59
What geological factor increases vulnerability to earthquake damage?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Loose sediments amplify seismic waves and can cause severe shaking and liquefaction.This raises risk to structures.
60
Which environmental issue is caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Eutrophication results from nutrient overload, promoting algal blooms and oxygen depletion in water bodies.This harms aquatic life.