When a closely-coiled helical spring of mean diameter (D) is subjected to an axial load (W), the stiffness of the spring is given by

A. Single B. Double C. Both A and B D. None of these

A. Equal to B. Less than C. Greater than D. None of these

A. $$\frac{{{\text{w}}l}}{6}$$ B. $$\frac{{{\text{w}}l}}{3}$$ C. $${\text{w}}l$$ D. $$\frac{{2{\text{w}}l}}{3}$$

A. Short columns B. Long columns C. Weak columns D. Medium columns