Horticulture MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Fruit crop suitable for high soil pH Aonla.
Aonla being a sub-tropical crop prefers a dry sub-tropical climate. Heavy frost during the winter season is not suitable for its cultivation. Slightly acidic to saline/sodic soil having a pH between 6.5 to 9.5 is suitable for cultivation.
Due to the high erosion of soil, most of the soils are sandy to coarse loams in nature and have pH in the range of 7.1 to 8.5. These soils are most suited for orcharding, particularly aonla plantations.

Pusa early dwarf is an improved variety of strawberries.
Strawberry is one of the important small fruit among berries. Farmers grow varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, have adaptability for the desired climate, remain in production for a long period, are high yielding and able to retain size after the 3^rd picking, have good processing quality and have good runner-producing capacity.
Pusa early is the pride of North Indian plains and has a large size and wedge-shaped fruit. Furthermore, this is a dwarf plant variety that starts bearing flowers in the first week of February.

Plant Introduction Scheme, headed by Dr. Harbhajan Singh marked the beginning of the systematic evolution of exotic and indigenous vegetable varieties started at IARI during 1947 - 48.
A centralized plant introduction agency was initiated in 1946 at IARI, New Delhi. The agency began a plant introduction scheme in the Division of Botany and was funded by ICAR. Subsequently, in 1961 it was made an independent division and subsequently called as National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources in 1976.
The ICAR scheme for 'Plant Introduction' commenced functioning in 1946 in the then Botany Division of IARI under the leadership of the Late Dr. Harbhajan Singh as the first 'Operational Scientist'.

High production in protected cultivation is due to High photosynthetic efficiency.
Protected cultivation is a process of growing crops in a controlled environment. This means that the temperature, humidity, light and other factors can be regulated as per the requirement of the crop. This assists in healthier and larger produce.
This type of cultivation prevents weed growth and acts as a barrier to soil pathogens. Accelerates uptake of micronutrients from the soil by the active root zone. Conserves soil moisture thereby reducing the irrigation water requirement of the crop. Enhances quality of the product with cleaner crop.

The most common training system of apple in India is Modified leader.
In the modified leader system of the training system of the apple, at first, the tree is trained by a central leader system to develop the main trunk without any hindrance for the first four or five years. After that, it is cut at a height of 120 to 150 cm from the ground level.

Higher lycopene synthesis is seen in tomatoes at a temperature of 21° - 24°C.
Tomato fruit harvested green-ripe and exposed to light for 24 hours of ripening at 21° - 24°C in a growth cabinet, had a higher concentration of lycopene than light-ripe green fruit for 8 hours. However, the formation of lycopene is inhibited when the temperature of the fruits exceeds 30ºC.
Lycopene is a bright red carotenoid hydrocarbon found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. It is found within the cells of tomatoes and should be cooked to help release lycopene and increase bioavailability.

Almost all vegetables belong to the division Angiosperms.
Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all known living green plants. Examples range from the common dandelion and grasses to the ancient magnolias and highly evolved orchids. Angiosperms also comprise the vast majority of all plant foods we eat, including grains, beans, fruits, vegetables and most nuts.

The global diversity of vegetable crops consists of about 400 spp.
Out of which about 80 species of major and minor vegetables are reported to have originated in India. Indigenous and underexploited vegetables particularly leafy vegetables are widely used as sources of food and source of income for many poor communities in India.
The richness of plant diversity is largely due to ecological diversity superimposed with tribal and ethnic diversification, plant usages and religious rituals.

Viviparous germination is seen in chow-chow.
vivipary occurs when seeds or embryos begin to develop before they detach from the parent. Vivipary includes reproduction via embryos, such as shoots or bulbils, as opposed to germinating externally from a dropped, dormant seed, as is usual in plants.
Chow-chow is a single-seeded viviparous cucurbit. It is a perennial-rooted vine that bears edible fruits. The root, stem and seed contain high calorific value and carbohydrate content. It is mainly propagated using seed (whole fruit with seed)/ sprouted fruits.

Papaya is rich in vitamin A.
Papayas contain high levels of antioxidants vitamin A and vitamin C. Diets high in antioxidants may reduce the risk of heart disease. The antioxidants prevent the oxidation of cholesterol. The possible health benefits of consuming papaya include a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, aiding in digestion, improving blood glucose control in people with diabetes, lowering blood pressure and improving wound healing.