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Environmental Geology and Sustainability MCQs Questions & Answers | Geological Engineering

Learn and practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers related to Environmental Geology and Sustainability. These resources are available for Geological engineering students who wish to clear GATE exams, technical interviews, competitive examinations, and other entrance exams. The Environmental Geology and Sustainability chapter is particularly important for students studying Geological engineering. Page-7 section-1

Each section contains 100 MCQs on Environmental Geology and Sustainability .
61
Which renewable energy source is commonly assessed using geological surveys?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Geothermal energy extraction depends on subsurface heat sources.Geological surveys identify suitable locations for geothermal plants.
62
What type of pollution results from the release of excessive sediments into rivers?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Sediment pollution increases turbidity, reducing light penetration and affecting aquatic ecosystems.It is often due to soil erosion.
63
Which is a key principle in waste management to reduce environmental impact?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Source reduction and recycling minimize waste generation and conserve resources.This approach supports sustainability.
64
Which geological hazard is most associated with heavy rainfall and steep slopes?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Landslides often occur when saturated soil on steep slopes loses strength.This causes mass movement of earth material downhill.
65
What is the main environmental risk of constructing large dams?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Large dams flood extensive areas, destroying habitats and displacing communities.They also alter river ecosystems downstream.
66
What is the main cause of acid rain?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
Acid rain is primarily caused by sulfur dioxide (SO?) and nitrogen oxides (NO?) released from burning fossil fuels.These gases react with water vapor forming acids that fall as rain.
67
What is the effect of urbanization on groundwater recharge?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Urbanization typically increases impermeable surfaces (roads, pavements), which reduce infiltration and groundwater recharge.This can lower water tables.
68
Which gas is commonly released from decomposing organic waste in landfills?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
Methane (CH?) is a potent greenhouse gas produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills.It poses explosion hazards and contributes to climate change.
69
Which term describes the process by which pollutants are removed from water by natural microbial activity?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
Biodegradation is the breakdown of pollutants by microorganisms into less harmful substances.This is a natural water purification mechanism.
70
Which soil property is critical in assessing the risk of soil erosion?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Soil texture determines particle size and susceptibility to erosion.Fine soils like silt and sand are more prone to erosion than clay.