Which type of command requires additional files to perform specific operations?

In computing, an external command refers to a command that is not built into the command-line interpreter (shell) but instead is a separate program or executable file stored on disk (usually in system folders like C:WindowsSystem32 on Windows or /bin, /usr/bin on Linux).


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🔹 Examples

✅ In Windows Command Prompt (CMD):

Internal command: dir, cd, cls, echo

External command: ping, ipconfig, xcopy, chkdsk

> These are .exe files in system directories.




✅ In Linux/Unix Terminal:

Internal command: cd, echo, pwd

External command: ls, grep, cat, cp

> These are stored in /bin, /usr/bin, etc.