Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The adjacent cells of the same fungal hypha brought into communication with each other using loops are known as a Clamp connection.
A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of Basidiomycetes fungi.
It is created to ensure that each cell or segment of hypha separated by septa receives a set of differing nuclei, which are obtained through the mating of hyphae of differing sexual types.
It is used to maintain genetic variation within the hypha much like the mechanisms found in crozier (hook) during sexual reproduction.

Potassic fertilizer containing the maximum quantity of potash is a Muriate of potash.
Muriate of potash (potassium chloride). It usually contains 60% K₂O. It is the most common source of potash for farm use and is also the main potash ingredient for compound fertilizers containing potassium.
Potash is essential for plant growth and quality. It plays a vital role in the production of proteins and sugars.

Translocation of carbohydrate nutrients usually occurs in the form of Sucrose.
Translocation of carbohydrates and nutrients usually occurs in the form of sucrose through a sieve tube of phloem. Sucrose is transported from the source in the roots to the sinks in the leaves so they can restart growth. As the movement of sucrose can be in more than one direction, this movement is described as bidirectional.
It allows for efficient energy transfer and increased energy storage.

Rate of transpiration is high in C₃ plants.
C₃ plants lose up to 97% of the water taken up through their roots by transpiration. In dry areas, C₃ plants shut their stomata to reduce water loss, but this stops CO₂ from entering the leaves and therefore reduces the concentration of CO₂ in the leaves.
Recent research has shown that many C₃ plant species have significant stomatal openings and transpire water at night even in desert habitats.

Two nutrients needed by plants in largest amounts are N and Potassium.
Elements used in large quantities by the plant are termed macronutrients, which can be further defined as primary or secondary. The primary nutrients include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).
Potassium is involved in the regulation of water and the transport of the plant’s reserve substances. It increases photosynthesis capacity, strengthens cell tissue, and activates the absorption of nitrates.

First experiments in hydroponics were performed by Sachs.
It was Sachs who first showed that plants do not need soil but the minerals derived from it. This has been the starting point of the use of hydroponics for growing plants.
Hydroponics is the technique of growing plants using a water-based nutrient solution rather than soil and can include an aggregate substrate, or growing media, such as vermiculite, coconut coir, or perlite.

Town compost contains merely 1.4% N and 1.0% P2O5.
A mass of rotted organic matter made from waste is called compost. The compost made from town refuses like night soil, street sweepings, and dustbin refuse is called town compost. It contains 1.4% N, 1.00% P₂O₅ and 1.4% K₂O.
Town Compost is a biodegradable organic fertilizer that is made from plant material. The fertilizer provides major nutrients like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Manganese, Calcium, Magnesium and others. It also enriches the soil with micronutrients like Boron, Zinc, Molybdenum, Iron, etc.

Sandal spike disease of sandal (Santalum album) is caused by MLO.
Spike disease caused by MLO (phytoplasma type) is the major disease of sandalwood. This disease is characterized by an extreme reduction in leaf size accompanied by stiffening and reduction of internode length.
Sandal spike causal agent is a pleomorphic microorganism and is the smallest organism capable of independent replication.

Rhizobium of alfalfa group is Melilolti.
The soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti is capable of entering into a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with Medicago sativa (alfalfa).
Alfalfa is a widely cultivated forage crop of substantial economic value that possesses excellent agricultural traits, in that its roots can fix atmospheric nitrogen molecules with the help of symbiotic rhizobia.
Particular low-molecular-weight forms of certain polysaccharides produced by S. meliloti are crucial for establishing this symbiosis.

Fusarium is a type of fungus that can cause diseases in plants.
It produces structures called fruiting bodies, which are involved in reproduction.
These fruiting bodies release spores, helping the fungus spread and infect new plants.
The question asks about the type of fruiting body produced by Fusarium.
Acervulus, Sporodochia, and Pycnidium are all types of fungal fruiting bodies.
Fusarium can actually produce all three of these types of fruiting bodies, depending on the specific species and environmental conditions.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: All of these.