Computer fundamental MCQ Questions and answers- Technical Aptitude

A scanner is a device that captures images from physical sources such as printed text or photographs and converts them into digital form that can be stored, edited, or transmitted electronically. Scanners work by using a light-sensitive sensor to capture the image, which is then converted into digital data that can be manipulated using software. Scanners are commonly used for tasks such as digitizing documents, archiving photographs, and creating digital art. Other options such as keyboard, plotter and OMR are not related to the process of converting physical images into digital form.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receiving e-mail. However, since it is limited in its ability to queue messages at the receiving end, it is usually used with one of two other protocols, POP3 or IMAP that let the user save messages in a server mailbox and download them periodically from the server. SMTP usually is implemented to operate over Internet port 25.
Many mail servers now support Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP), which allows multimedia files to be delivered as e-mail.

The von Neumann architecture, also known as the von Neumann model, is the foundation of modern computer design. It was proposed by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann in the 1940s. This architecture is characterized by the use of a central processing unit (CPU) that can execute a series of instructions stored in memory. The instructions are fetched from memory, decoded, and executed sequentially, allowing for the manipulation of data and the execution of various operations. This concept of stored-program computers revolutionized the field of computing and forms the basis for virtually all modern computers today.

Option B: Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage is known for designing the analytical engine, a mechanical general-purpose computer, in the 1830s. While his work laid the groundwork for computing concepts, his designs were not fully realized during his lifetime.

Option C: Blaise Pascal
Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, invented the Pascaline, an early mechanical calculator, in the 17th century. While this device contributed to computational advancements, it did not establish the basic architecture of modern computers.

Option D: Garden Moore
This option is not associated with the development of the basic architecture of computers. The correct spelling should be "Gordon Moore," who co-founded Intel and is known for formulating "Moore's Law" related to the exponential growth of semiconductor technology.

Option E: None of these
While options A and B are the most relevant to the development of computer architecture, the correct answer is Option A: John Von Neumann as he proposed the von Neumann architecture that is fundamental to modern computers.

In MS Excel, formulas are equations that perform various calculations in your worksheets. Though Microsoft has introduced a handful of new functions over the years, the concept of Excel spreadsheet formulas is the same in all versions of Excel 2016, Excel 2013, Excel 2010, Excel 2007 and lower.
All Excel formulas begin with an equal sign (=).

There is 5 generation of computer available till now.

1^st Generation of Computer = The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.

2^nd Generation of Computer = The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based.

3^rd Generation of Computer = The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based.

4^th Generation of Computer = The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.

5^th Generation of Computer = The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based.

Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.

First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.

The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the Central processing Unit (CPU) and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

Tthese small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.

Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.

Rom is non-volatile memory include read-only memory, flash memory, ferroelectric, most types of magnetic computer storage devices .This is because you cannot erase or modify it when the computer system is turned off. Computer manufacturers write codes on the ROM chip, and users cannot alter or interfere with it.