Computer fundamental MCQ Questions and answers- Technical Aptitude

In 1911 punched-card equipment used for the first time to process the British census.

Hashing is the transformation of a string of characters into a usually shorter fixed-length value or key that represents the original string. Hashing is used to index and retrieve items in a database because it is faster to find the item using the shorter hashed key than to find it using the original value.

Seek time is the time taken for a hard disk controller to locate a specific piece of stored data. Other delays include transfer time (data rate) and rotational delay (latency).

When anything is read or written to a disc drive, the read/write head of the disc needs to move to the right position. The actual physical positioning of the read/write head of the disc is called seeking.

In decimal systems, kilo stands for 1,000, but in binary systems, a kilo is 1,024 (2 to the 10th power). Technically, therefore, a kilobyte is 1,024 bytes, but it is often used loosely as a synonym for 1,000 bytes. For example, a computer that has 256K main memory can store approximately 256,000 bytes (or characters) in memory at one time.

A megabyte is 2 to the 20th power (approximately 1 million) and a gigabytes 2 to the 30th power (approximately 1 billion).

In computer literature, a kilobyte is usually abbreviated as K or KB. To distinguish between a decimal K (1,000) and a binary K (1,024), the IEEE has suggested following the convention of using a small k for a decimal kilo and a capital Kfor a binary kilo, but this convention is by no means strictly followed.

Source : webopedia.com

Computer instructions written with the use of English words instead of binary machine code is called Symbolic code.

A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves.

Control Unit (CU) : The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the instructions that have been sent to the processor.

ALU (Arithmetic logic unit) : An arithmetic logic unit is a combinational digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit, which operates on floating point numbers.

A characteristic of card systems is slowness in processing data, using cards as records of transactions, needing a larger DP staff.

A directly accessible appointment calendar is a feature of a memory resident package.

The term 'kilobyte' has traditionally been used to refer to 1024 bytes (210 B). The usage of the metric prefix kilo for binary multiples arose as a convenience, because 1024 is approximately 1000.