Computer fundamental MCQ Questions and answers- Technical Aptitude

Trojan horses are software programs that masquerade or disguise as regular programs, such as games, disk utilities, and even antivirus programs. But if they are run, these programs can do malicious things to your computer.

For example, a Trojan horse might appear to be a computer game, but once you double-click it, the program starts writing over certain parts of your hard drive, corrupting your data. While this is certainly something you want to avoid, it is good to know that these malicious programs are only dangerous if they are given a chance to run. Also, most antivirus programs can catch Trojan horses when scanning for viruses. Unlike viruses, however, Trojan horses don't replicate themselves. Though it is possible for a Trojan horse to be attached to a virus file that spreads to multiple computers.

Melissa is a macro virus which spread very fast. It was distributed through email attachment that when opened, it disables a number of safeguards in Word 97 and Word 2000. And if user has and Outlook email program causes the virus to be resent first 50 people in each of the user’s address book.

It does not destroy files or other resources but it has potential to disable corporate and other mail servers as the ripple of e-mail distribution becomes a much larger wave. On Friday, March 26, 1999, Melissa caused the Microsoft Corporation to shut down incoming e-mail.

A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto computer without the knowledge of the computer owner and runs against his wishes. Viruses can also replicate themselves. A simple virus that can make a copy of it over and over. Even such a simple virus is dangerous because it will quickly use all available memory and bring the system to a halt. An even more dangerous type of virus is one capable of transmitting itself across networks and bypassing security systems.

Malicious software is known as Malware. Malicious software or malware is used to disrupt computer operation , steal sensitive information data, or gain an unauthorized access to private computer systems. It can be in form of executable code, scripts, active content or other software.

Identity Theft is the crime where someone collects personal information and effectively poses as another individual. It involves stealing another person's personal information, such as their name, social security number, or financial details, with the intent to use that information for fraudulent purposes, such as making unauthorized financial transactions or other activities in the victim's name.

The other options are not accurate:
Option A: Spooling is a computer processing technique for optimizing data transfer, not related to identity theft.
Option C: Spoofing typically involves deceiving or misrepresenting the source of information in network communications, but it's not the same as identity theft.
Option D: Hacking refers to unauthorized access or manipulation of computer systems or networks but does not inherently involve identity theft.
So, the correct answer is Option B: Identity Theft, as it accurately describes the crime of collecting personal information and posing as another individual for illegal purposes.

A spoofing attack is a situation in which one person or program successfully masquerades or disguise as another by falsifying data and thereby gaining an illegitimate advantage. It may use for stealing password or IP.

An insider threat is a malicious threat to an organization that comes from people within the organization, such as employees, former employees, contractors or business associates, who have inside information concerning the organization's security practices, data and computer systems. The threat may involve fraud, the theft of confidential or commercially valuable information, the theft of intellectual property, or the sabotage of computer systems. The insider threat comes in three categories:
I. Malicious insiders, which are people who take advantage of their access to inflict harm on an organization.
II. Negligent insiders, which are people who make errors and disregard policies, which place their organizations at risk.
III. Infiltrators, who are external actors that obtain legitimate access credentials without authorization.

The correct answer is A: Memory or disk space.
Let's break down why:
A worm virus is a type of malware that self-replicates and spreads to other computers on a network.
Unlike a regular virus, it doesn't need to attach itself to a host program.
It does this by consuming resources like memory and disk space.
Eventually, a worm can exhaust these resources to the point where the system becomes slow or unusable, and it can no longer replicate and spread.
Option B: Time is incorrect because time itself doesn't limit a worm. Worms can continue to replicate as long as resources are available.
Option C: CD drive space and Option D: CD-RW are incorrect because worms primarily spread through networks and use system resources, not necessarily CD drives.
Therefore, the lack of memory or disk space is the most direct factor that eventually terminates a worm virus.

The logic bomb is activated by a time-related event, it is known as a time-related bomb sequence.

A logic bomb that was created to erupt on Michelangelo's birthday is an example of a Time bomb. In computer software, a time bomb is part of a computer program that has been written so that it will start or stop functioning after a predetermined date.