Lithosphere MCQ Question and Answer | Geography MCQ Question

Mount Gamkonora is stratovolcano which erupted in 2007. It is located on Halmahera island in Indonesia. It has shifting eruption centres which has lead to an elongated series of craters along N-S trending rift.

Underground water predominantly acts as the agent of chemical erosion of soil. Chemical weathering changes the molecular structure of rocks and soil. The important characteristics of surface conditions that lead to chemical weathering are the presence of water (in the air and on the ground surface), the abundance of oxygen, and the presence of carbon dioxide, which produces weak carbonic acid when combined with water.

Sedimentary rocks make up most of the rocks on the earth and are formed when bits of rock, soil or organic matter settles and accumulates. Plant and animal fossils can be found in sedimentary rock. When there is an abundance of plants and animals, fossil fuels develop, like oil, natural gas and coal.

Pangea’s existence was first proposed in 1912 by German meteorologist Alfred Wegener as a part of his theory of continental drift. Its name is derived from the Greek pangaia, meaning “all the Earth.”

P-wave, S-wave, L-wave is the proper order of seismic waves as they are received at seismograph station. The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air. The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can only move through solid rock, not through any liquid medium. The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave, named after A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this kind of wave in 1911. It's the fastest surface wave and moves the ground from side-to-side.

The area marked by internal drainage is desert. Internal drainage means that the rivers or canals in a certain region do not flow into the sea but disappear inland after sometime due to porosity of underlying surface of the river bed. For example Luni river in Rajasthan does not reach the Arabian Sea.

A crater lake is a depression created by a volcanic crater or caldera that is filled with water. When a volcano is no longer active, the crater or caldera may fill with water from rainfall and melting snow that may also feed the lake. A lake can also exist in an impact crater, created by the fall of a meteor or in one case a nuclear weapon test in Kazakhstan. Sometimes these are also called crater lakes.

If the original day sediments are subjected to high temperature and pressure, they successively change into rocks, the correct order of which is Shale, Slate, Schist. Beginning with a shale parent, Barrovian metamorphism produces a sequence of metamorphic rocks that goes through slate, and then through phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

All the four are matched correctly. Earthquake's origin - seismic focus. Epicentre - point on earth's surface directly above seismic focus. S waves - similar to sound waves. Richter scale - severity of earthquake.

In an artesian well, the rock-layer are generally found in Non-permeable, permeable and non-permeable order. Permeable layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers. While porosity and permeability usually go hand-in-hand, though some porous rocks are not permeable and some impermeable rocks are porous. Permeability is affected mostly by the size and arrangement of the grains in the soil.