Lithosphere MCQ Question and Answer | Geography MCQ Question

A sand dune is a hill of sand formed by the accumulation of sand. Dune sand is fine sand from the beach that is blown inland by the winds. Dunes are formed when the sand brought in by the wind is trapped by plants or other obstacles.

The movement of these tectonic plates is likely caused by convection currents in the molten rock in Earth's mantle below the crust. Earthquakes are the short-term results of this tectonic movement. The long-term result of plate tectonics is the movement of entire continents over millions of years.

Due to accumulation of sediments in a geosyncline fold mountains have enormous thickness of sedimentary rocks. The plains were folded into mountains and The sediments were folded into recumbent and nappe.

The largest and highest plateau in the world is the Pamir mountain, called the "roof of the world", which is still being formed by the collisions of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Tibetan plateau covers approximately 2,500,000 km² (970,000 sq mi), at about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) above sea level.

Granite is an example of intrusive igneous rock. Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below Earth's surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form.

A landslide is a very rapid movement and occur when a large mass of soil or block falls suddenly either due to undercutting action of water or earthquake. Landslides generally causes heavy destruction in hilly areas.

The theory of continental drift is supported by similarities between the coastline of South America and Africa, the similarity of rocks of Central Africa, southern India, Brazil and Australia, evidence of fossils and survival of marsupials in Australia.

In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core. A typical anticline is convex up in which the hinge or crest is the location where the curvature is greatest, and the limbs are the sides of the fold that dip away from the hinge.

Mushroom rocks, also known as pedestal rocks, are formed in deserts due to the process of abrasion. Abrasion occurs when wind-blown sand and particles strike the surface of rocks, eroding the softer material at the base more than the top.

Over time, the differential erosion results in the base becoming narrower while the upper portion remains relatively wider, giving the rock a mushroom-like shape.

Erosion is a broader process that includes abrasion but also involves the removal of material by wind, water, or ice.

Contraction is not involved in the formation of mushroom rocks.

Attrition refers to the wearing down of particles during transport, not the shaping of stationary rock formations.

Thus, the formation of mushroom rocks is an example of abrasion.

Wind turbine is a power / energy generating machine whereas cyclone, earthquake and tsunami are natural phenomenon which may turn into disaster.