Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The experimental material that has largely been responsible for making rapid advances in research on photosynthesis is Chlorella.
Chlorella is a genus of about thirteen species of single-celled green algae belonging to the division Chlorophyta.
In 1961, Melvin Calvin of the University of California received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the pathways of carbon dioxide assimilation in plants using Chlorella.
The experimental research was carried out in laboratories, rather than in the field, and scientists discovered that Chlorella would be much more difficult to produce than previously thought.

Green manures are mostly used as a source of Nitrogen.
Green manuring is often used with legume crops to add nitrogen to the soil for following crops, especially in organic farming, but is also used in conventional farming.
Depending on the species of cover crop grown, the amount of nitrogen released into the soil lies between 40 and 200 pounds per acre.
With green manure use, the amount of nitrogen that is available to the succeeding crop is usually in the range of 40 - 60% of the total amount of nitrogen that is contained within the green manure crop.

The sexual, thick-walled, and resting spores of the rust fungi are known as Teliospores.
Teliospore cells are both thick-walled and pigmented allowing them to remain dormant throughout winter before germinating the following spring to produce short-lived, thin-walled basidiospores.
Teliospores function to shield genetic material during the stresses of dispersal between host plants.

Black rust or stem rust of wheat is caused by Puccinia graminis tritici.
Stem rust, also known as cereal rust, black rust, red rust, or red dust, is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis, which causes significant disease in cereal crops.
Crop species that are affected by the disease include bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, and triticale.
Stem rust on wheat is characterized by the presence of uredinia on the plant, which are brick-red, elongated, blister-like pustules that are easily shaken off.

Pigments of PS I occurs in Stromal thylakoids and non appressed parts of granal thylakoids.
Photosystem I and photosystem II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to catalyze the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high-energy compounds.
The PSI is located in the stroma lamella of the thylakoid while the PSII is in the stacked grana domain.

Nutrient uptake by crops is fastest during Active growth.
Nutrient uptake by roots accounts for nearly all nutrient uptake under natural and cultivated conditions, but foliar uptake is important under some circumstances.
Nutrients are taken up by roots mainly as inorganic ions from the soil solution. The rate of uptake depends primarily on the concentration in the soil solution immediately adjacent to the root.
Soil water content is important because it affects root growth and nutrient transport to the root surface in both the water flux created by transpiration and the diffusive flux towards or away from the root.

Erwinia is Peritrichous.
Erwinia is a genus of Enterobacterales bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the famous plant pathologist, Erwin Frink Smith.
It is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is motile by peritrichous flagella at 37°C; it is not motile at 28°C.
The term peritrichous refers to the synthesis of multiple flagella arranged along the length of a rod-shaped cell.

Cu is the nutrient element that is responsible for the dieback of citrus.
Citrus dieback, also known as 'chlorosis' or neglectosis is not a specific disease but a syndrome expressing many disorders in the plant that leads to a decline in productivity, reduced productive life, and poor fruit quality.
Copper-deficient plants show dark green and enlarged leaves. Sterns are more slender than normal and appear flat and angular. Limbs die back and gumming may occur under new bark or on fruits.

Development of sporophyte from gametophytic tissue without fusion of gametes is Apogamy.
Apogamy is the development of sporophytes directly from gametophytic tissue without the fusion of gametes.
Apogamy is a related term that has had various meanings over time. In plants with independent gametophytes (notably ferns), the term is still used interchangeably with "apomixis", and both refer to the formation of sporophytes by parthenogenesis of gametophyte cells.

Dinocap (methyl heptyl dinitrophenyl crotonate) is sold in the market as Karathane.
KARATHANE is the best Contact powdery mildewicide and is significantly better at controlling powdery mildew infestation on woody parts of the crops/plants.
It is especially effective for the control of Powdery Mildew and certain Mites on Roses, Ornamentals and Flowers.
Karathane is a wettable powder and should be mixed with water at the rate of 1 teaspoonful per Rallon.