Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Mineralization releases nutrients in soils that are tied up in Organic matter.
Mineralization is the phrase used to describe the process whereby organic forms of nitrogen (N) in the soil are converted to available forms of N. This process is driven by microorganisms present in the soil decomposing organic matter for their energy supply.
Soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization is an important process in which carbon (C) and nutrients are transformed into CO₂ and plant-available forms of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S).

The relay pump theory was given by Godlewski.
Godlewski (1884) proposed his clambering or relay-pump theory to explain the vertical movement of water through the plant.
He thought that a rhythmic change in the water potential of the living cells like the xylem parenchyma and medullary rays caused a pumping action to raise water vertically against gravity.

Photosynthetic synthesis of carbohydrates uses CO₂ and Water in the presence of sunlight with the help of chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy, through cellular respiration.
Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars and starches, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water.

Sterility mosaic disease of pigeonpea spread by Mites.
The agent of sterility mosaic, a disease that is a major constraint on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) production in the Indian subcontinent, is transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria cajani.
Sterility mosaic disease (SMD), caused by Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV), is the economically most important viral disease in India, causing an estimated annual loss of more than US$300 million.

Vander Plank is regarded as the father of Epidemiology.
James Edward Vanderplank, best known to plant pathologists globally simply as 'Vanderplank', is widely regarded as one of the world's most influential plant scientists.
This recognition stems from his reputation as the founding father of modern quantitative plant disease epidemiology.
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.

The bacterial colony is known as Ooze.
Bacterial disease sign is bacterial ooze. This is an exudate/discharge coming out from the bacteria-infected surface.
In plants, this occurs in leaf cracks and stomata. Bacterial ooze often serves as a mode of spread, especially during heavy rainfall and strong winds.

P. A. Micheli proposed that fungi arise from their spores.
Pier Antonio Micheli was a noted Italian botanist, professor of botany in Pisa, curator of the Orto Botanico di Firenze, and author of Nova plantarum genera iuxta Tournefortii methodum disposita.
He discovered the spores of mushrooms, was a leading authority on cryptogams, and coined several important genera of microfungi including Aspergillus and Botrytis.

The correct order of events is Infection - incubation period - invasion - colonization.
Pathogenic mechanisms of the viral disease include (1) implantation of virus at the portal of entry is an infection of the pathogen, (2) local replication is the incubation period of the pathogen, (3) spread to target organs (disease sites) is an invasion of the pathogen, and (4) spread to sites of shedding of virus into the environment is colonization.

Apodachlya oomycetes fungi contain both chitin and cellulose.
Apodachlya is characterized by the structure of their hyphae, which are constricted into septae-like structures which enclose cellulin plugs, preventing the loss of cytoplasm in the case of cell rupture.
Apodachlya sp has Chitin and cellulose in the cell walls of the oomycete.

Single super phosphate is manufactured from Rock phosphate.
Superphosphate was made from rock phosphate ore by treatment with sulfuric acid.
Triple superphosphate is a component of fertilizer that primarily consists of monocalcium phosphate, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂. Traditional routes for extraction of phosphate rock using sulfuric acid give single superphosphate, an approximate 1 : 1 mixture of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ and CaSO₄ phosphogypsum.