Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

CAN is not acid forming fertilizer, because it contains Calcium.
Calcium ammonium nitrate is hygroscopic. Its dissolution in water is endothermic, leading to its use in some instant cold packs.
Fertilizer grade CAN contain roughly 8% calcium and 21 - 27% nitrogen. CAN is preferred for use on acid soils, as it acidifies the soil, it lowers the pH of the soil, but does not acidify it because of the presence of calcium.

An organism that causes a disease in a plant is called as Pathogen.
A pathogen in the oldest and broadest sense is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ.
Typically, the term pathogen is used to describe an infectious microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus.

Grafting is not possible in monocots as they Lack cambium.
Monocots cannot produce a vascular cambium or woody growth, some monocot lineages evolved a novel lateral meristem, the monocot cambium, which supports the secondary radial growth of stems.

Active transport occurs against a concentration gradient and requires ATP.
It occurs when molecules such as glucose or amino acids move from high concentration to low concentration facilitated by carrier proteins or pores in the membrane.
Primary active transport moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference in charge across that membrane. The primary active transport system uses ATP to move a substance, such as an ion, into the cell, and often at the same time, a second substance is moved out of the cell.

a. Sulphur increases oil quality.
Sulphur application increases oil and protein contents in seeds. It also increases the availability of other nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, and zinc and suppresses the uptake of sodium and chlorine which are toxic to plant growth and development.
b. Potassium enhances drought and disease-resistant power.
Potassium is associated with the movement of water, nutrients and carbohydrates in plant tissue. Under drought stress conditions, K regulates the stomatal opening and helps plants adapt to water deficits.
c. Calcium is an essential constituent of the cell.
Calcium is a constituent of the cell wall in the form of calcium pectate. It is required in small amounts for normal mitosis. Calcium is also involved in chromatin or mitotic spindle organization.
d. Magnesium is an essential constituent of chlorophyll.
The main constituent element of chlorophyll is Magnesium. Chlorophyll is the pigment found in the chloroplast. It is responsible for the green color of plants. The general formula of chlorophyll is C₅₅H₇₂O₅N₄Mg.

Grey spots of oat are caused by a deficiency of Mn.
Leaves of Manganese deficient oats plants show chlorotic spots and streaks which turn grey-white to brown and coalesce.
Symptoms appear on younger and central leaves. Leaves are kinked or bent down when the spotting is intense. Plant growth is stunted.

E. J. Butler discovered the Downey mildew for the first time in India.
Sir Edwin John Butler was an Irish mycologist and plant pathologist. He became the Imperial Mycologist in India and later the first director of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology in England.
During his twenty years in India, he began large-scale surveys on fungi and plant pathology and published the landmark book Fungi and Disease in Plants: An Introduction to the Diseases of Field and Plantation Crops, especially those of India and the East (1918) and has been called the Father of Mycology and Plant Pathology in India.

A cell placed in solution gets deplasmolysed. The solution is Hypotonic.
Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution.
The reverse process, deplasmolysis or cytolysis, can occur if the cell is in a hypotonic solution resulting in a lower external osmotic pressure and a net flow of water into the cell.

Smuts and bunts are Monocyclic.
Bunt, also called stinking smut, fungal disease of wheat, rye, and other grasses. Infection by Tilletia tritici causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish black spores characterized by a dead-fish odour.
Bunt and smut fungi can cause the most devastating disease of cereals. The zero or very low tolerance levels at receive centres can make diseased grain only saleable as low value stock feed.
Fortunately, the regular use of seed applied fungicides (pickles) can cheaply and effectively control these diseases.

Elicitors are the pathogen components that determine its Avirulence.
Elicitors are pathogen signal metabolites, recognized by plant cells, which trigger plant defenses. They are produced either by the pathogen or by plant cell components, such as the cell wall, upon hydrolyzing the action of the pathogen.
Avirulence (Avr) genes exist in many fungi that share a gene-for-gene relationship with their host plant. They represent unique genetic determinants that prevent fungi from causing disease on plants that possess matching resistance (R) genes.