Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Temporary wilting is due to Respiration.
Wilting from which a plant will recover by reduction of the transpiration rate and without the addition of water to the soil is temporary wilting.
It occurs when the turgor pressure in non-lignified plant cells falls toward zero, as a result of diminished water in the cells.

Nobel Prize was awarded to a scientist for discovering the pathway of carbon assimilation Calvin.
Melvin Ellis Calvin was an American biochemist known for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
They mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis, starting from its absorption as atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds.

Panama disease of banana is prevented by the Application of lime to the soil.
Panama disease is a plant disease that infects banana plants (Musa spp.). It is a wilting disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). The pathogen is resistant to fungicides and its control is limited to phytosanitary measures.
Based on soil pH, lime is applied 100 - 150 gm per plant.

The virus is an organism that cannot synthesize protein through its enzymes.
Unlike true organisms, viruses cannot synthesize proteins, because they lack ribosomes (cell organelles) for the translation of viral messenger RNA (mRNA; a complementary copy of the nucleic acid of the nucleus that associates with ribosomes and directs protein synthesis) into proteins.
They tend to make optimal use of the host cell's reservoir of proteins, viruses need to carry some enzymatic functions with them, as they may not be available or accessible in the infected cell.

Nutrient movement slows down in dry soil due to less water.
As water content decreases, soil matric potential decreases, becoming more negative, and as a result, water is held more strongly to mineral surfaces due to cohesive forces between water molecules and adhesive forces associated with water and mineral particles.
Water is essential for cellular homeostasis because it transports nutrients to cells and removes wastes from cells. It is the medium in which all transport systems function, allowing exchanges between cells.

PS I is sensitive to longer wavelengths of light.
In Photosystem I (PS I) long-wavelength chlorophylls (LWC) of the core antenna are known to extend the spectral region up to 750 nm for absorbance of light that drives photochemistry.

J. C. Arthur described the taxonomy of plant rust.
J. C. Arthur, an American botanist discovered basic facts about the parasitic fungi known as rusts.
Rust affects many economically important plant species and usually appears as yellow, orange, red, rust, brown, or black powdery pustules on leaves, young shoots, and fruits. Plant growth and productivity are commonly reduced, and some plants wither and die back.
Rusts are a group of fungal diseases affecting the aerial parts of plants. Leaves are affected most commonly, but rust can also be found occasionally on stems and even flowers and fruit.

Energy from the light reaction is transferred to the dark reaction in the form of ATP.
During the light-dependent stage, chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which excites some electrons in the pigment molecules to higher energy levels; these leave the chlorophyll and pass along a series of molecules, generating the formation of NADPH (an enzyme) and high-energy ATP molecules.

The most common phosphate fertilizer in India is DAP.
Di-ammonium Phosphate popularly known as DAP is a preferred fertilizer in India because it contains both Nitrogen and Phosphorus which are primary macro-nutrients and part of 18 essential plant nutrients. DAP (NH₄)₂HPO₄: Fertilizer grade DAP Contains 18% Nitrogen and 46% Phosphorus (P₂O₅).
DAP fertilizer is an excellent source of P and nitrogen (N) for plant nutrition. It’s highly soluble and thus dissolves quickly in soil to release plant-available phosphate and ammonium.

Penicillium roqueforti is the Penicillium species used in 'Cheese' making.
Penicillium roqueforti is a filamentous fungus used for making blue cheeses worldwide. It also occurs as a food spoiler and in silage and wood.
It is used as a fungal starter culture for the production of several blue-veined kinds of cheese, with both proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes produced by the fungus involved in cheese ripening and flavor production. The fungus has the lowest oxygen requirements for the growth of any Penicillium species.