Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

An international seed health testing lab was established in 1918 in Netherlands.
The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) is an independent, non-profit organization founded during the 4th International Seed Testing Congress in 1924.
Its members work to promote uniform methods of evaluating seeds being sold internationally to facilitate the international trading of seeds and contribute to global food security.
In 1918, the first seed health testing laboratory was established at the Government Seed testing laboratory in Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Endosmosis of water occurs when the water potential of the cell sap is Lower.
Endosmosis is the movement of water inside the cell from the outer surrounding, it occurs when the cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.
During endosmosis, water moves from the soil to the root which means the water potential of the cell sap of the root is lower than that of the soil.
Osmotic potential (ψ_s) results from dissolved solutes in cell sap and is proportional to solute concentration and inversely proportional to cell water volume.

A fertilizer not listed in the FCO cannot be labeled and sold as fertilizer because it is not recognized as fertilizer.
The Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985, enacted under The Essential Commodities Act, of 1955, is being implemented to regulate the trade, price, quality, and distribution of fertilizers in the country.
The FCO provides for compulsory registration of fertilizer manufacturers, importers and dealers, specification of all fertilizers manufactured/imported and sold in the country, regulation on the manufacture of fertilizer mixtures, packing and marking on the fertilizer bags, the appointment of enforcement agencies, etc.

Pathotoxin type of toxin is known to be the primary determinant of pathogenicity.
A chemical of biological origin, other than an enzyme, that plays an important causal role in a plant disease is termed a Pathotoxin.
Potent molecules produced by a large variety of bacterial pathogens that target host cells and play key roles in the host-pathogen dialog. They are major virulence factors often sufficient to determine the outcome of the infection.

The number of components in alfa alfa mosaic virus is 4.
AMV (Alfalfa mosaic virus) contains four nucleoproteins in major amounts along with a definite length of RNA.
The virion has a capsid (coat protein) but no envelope. The icosahedral symmetry of the capsid is round to elongated.
The range for the length of the virion particle is about 30 - 57 nm. AMV is a multipartite virus and is composed of four particles (three bacilliform and one spheroidal) with a diameter of 18 nm.

Chaubatia paste is made in Linseed oil.
Chaubattia paste is another wound dressing fungicide developed by Singh in 1942 at Government Fruit Research Station, Chaubattia in the Almora district of Uttar Pradesh.
Chaubattia paste is prepared by mixing copper carbonate -800 g, red lead -800 g and raw linseed oil or lanolin -1 litre.

In Casuarina, fertilization takes place through Chalazogamy.
The meaning of Chalazogamy is a process of fertilization in which the pollen tube penetrates the embryo sac through the tissue of the chalaza.
A process of fecundation in which the pollen tube penetrates the embryo sac through the tissue of the chalaza, instead of entering through the micropyle.

The decomposition of organic matter in submerged soil is carried out by Bacteria.
Organic matter refers to organic components of soil, including small fresh plant residues and small living soil organisms, decomposing organic matter, and stable organic matter i.e. humus.
Decomposition of organic matter in submerged soil is carried out by Bacteria and releases different products like carbon dioxide, energy, water, plant nutrients and resynthesized organic carbon compounds.

Ubisch bodies are connected with the formation of Exine.
Ubisch bodies are small acellular structures of sporopollenin that might occur on the inner tangential and radial walls of tapetal cells.
Von Ubish concluded that orbicules are homologous with the pollen exine, as both showed the same reaction to chemicals and stains and they developed synchronously.
The orbicular wall can be smooth or ornamented and this ornamentation often shows a striking similarity with the exine ornamentation of the pollen grain.

Manganese is required for the photosynthetic evolution of oxygen.
Mn plays a vital role in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthesis; four atoms are required to split water.
manganese in nature is its involvement in oxygen evolution in green plant photosynthesis, a process essential for the maintenance of life and of critical importance for the production of food and other commodities for man.