Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Type II Secretion system is common in bacteria that are Gram negative.
The type 2 secretion system is a type of protein secretion machinery found in various species of Gram-negative bacteria, including many human pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae.
The type II secretion system enables the transport of cytoplasmic proteins across the lipid bilayers that make up the cell membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.
Many Gram-negative bacteria use the type II secretion system to translocate folded proteins from the periplasm, through the outer membrane, into the extracellular milieu.

Nitrobacteria are obligate aerobes. It plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle by oxidizing nitrite (NO₃^-) into nitrate and ultimately nitrogen in the soil.
Ammonifying bacteria convert ammonia into atmospheric nitrogen.
Denitrifying bacteria results in the conversion of nitrates in the soil to free atmospheric nitrogen. Rhizobium species are a group of bacteria that helps in fixing atmospheric nitrogen in plants.

The anterior flagella present in the protozoans are known as Tinsel.
Tinsel is a type of flagella that bears hair-like projections on its surface.
The tinsel flagellum has two rows of tripartite tubular hairs known as mastigonemes, which are composed of glycoproteins.
A transitional helix is usually present between the shaft of the flagellum and the basal body.

The Father of Indian Mycology is E. J. Butler.
Sir Edwin John Butler was an Irish mycologist and plant pathologist. He became the Imperial Mycologist in India and later the first director of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology in England.
During his twenty years in India, he began large-scale surveys on fungi and plant pathology and published the landmark book Fungi and Disease in Plants: An Introduction to the Diseases of Field and Plantation Crops, especially those of India and the East (1918) and has been called the Father of Mycology and Plant Pathology in India.

Nitrogen is not a constituent of the Idioblast.
An idioblast is an isolated plant cell that differs from neighboring tissues. They have various functions such as storage of reserves, excretory materials, pigments and minerals.
There are a variety of crystal types and shapes that can be stored within an idioblast. The most common substance for crystals is calcium oxalate, a common product of calcium abundance in plants.

Green ear of bajra and White rust of crucifers of the diseases induce floral abnormalities.
One of the most important diseases of pearl millet is downy mildew, also known as green ear, caused by the fungus Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schrot destroys much of the crop every year. The resting spores of the fungus in the soil constitute the primary source of inoculum.
The blisters contain white powdery spores which are spread by the wind when released. The stem and leaves of attacked crops can become twisted and deformed. White rust disease also infects the floral parts.

C₄-cycle was discovered by Hatch and Slack.
C₄ carbon fixation also known as the Hatch-Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants.
It owes the names to the 1960's discovery by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack that some plants when supplied with ¹⁴CO₂, incorporate the ¹⁴C label into four-carbon molecules first.
C₄ photosynthesis reduces photorespiration by concentrating CO₂ around RuBisCO. To ensure that RuBisCO works in an environment where there is a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen, C₄ leaves generally differentiate into two partially isolated compartments called mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells.

Vitavax fungicide gives effective control of the covered smut of barley.
Vitavax Power is composed of Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS.
It is a broad-spectrum, dual action (systemic and contact) fungicide that controls seed and soil borne diseases, and also acts as a plant growth stimulant.

The optimum fertilizer dose maximizes Profits.
A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments.
Fertilizers are commonly used for growing all crops, with application rates depending on the soil fertility, usually as measured by a soil test and according to the particular crop. The dose should be optimized by looking after all the physical and chemical properties of the soil so that the productivity of the soil is increased.

The concept of Hypersensitivity was proposed by Hansen & Smith.
Hypersensitivity refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred to as an overreaction of the immune system and these reactions may be damaging and uncomfortable.