Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Bird guano contains 11 - 14% P₂O₅.
Bird guano is the desiccated seabird droppings and a highly effective fertilizer.
It is a pure phosphate fertilizer with 20 - 30% phosphoric acid content (P₂O₅). White Guano, on the other hand, represents a recent formation and refers to the Guano, which is produced daily by animal excrement, especially by seabirds. It consists of 10 - 12% nitrogen, 11 - 14% phosphoric acid (P₂O₅) and 3% potash (K₂O).

The organo-mercurials fungicides used for dry seed treatment usually contain mercury 1.0% of.
Organomercury compounds such as aryl and alkoxy-aryl have been used in medicine, agriculture, and laboratory research. Their use in fungicides has been greatly reduced or eliminated.
Organo mercurials are recommended for the treatment of small grains, flax, cotton and safflower.

A. Ergot of bajra : Claviceps fusiformis
Ergot of bajra caused by Claviceps fusiformis is an important and widespread disease in India. The disease causes direct grain yield loss by replacing grains with toxic alkaloid-containing sclerotia, making the produce unfit for consumption.
B. False smut of rice : C. oryzae
Rice false smut has emerged as a serious grain disease in rice production worldwide. The disease is characterized by the transformation of individual rice florets into false smut balls, which is caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens.
C. Ergot of rye : C. purpurea
Ergot is a fungal disease caused by fungi of the genus Claviceps. They only infect the ovaries of the host plants; no other part of the plant is infected.
D. Red rot of sugarcane : Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes are the wrong pair.
Red rot is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum (Glomerella tucumanensis) and is characterized by interrupted red and white patches within the cane along with a sour alcoholic odour when the cane is split open.

Boron is a non-metalic nutrient.
Boron is a non-metallic element and a micronutrient to plants required in small quantities.
Boron plays a key role in a diverse range of plant functions including cell wall formation and stability, maintenance of structural and functional integrity of biological membranes, movement of sugar or energy into growing parts of plants, and pollination and seed set.

The pigment present universally in all green oxygenic plants is Chlorophyll a.
Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light, and it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum, thus reflecting green colour makes the plant look green.
Chlorophyll a is very important in the energy phase of photosynthesis.

The cell wall of oomycetes is composed of Cellulose.
Oomycete cell walls consist mainly of cellulose, β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucans.
Unlike fungi, which are devoid of cellulose, oomycetes contain cellulose as a main cell wall component, representing at least 30% of the total cell wall carbohydrates.

The development of an egg/gamete into an embryo without fertilization is known as Parthenogenesis.
Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm.
Parthenogenesis is derived from the Greek words for “virgin birth,” and several insect species including aphids, bees, and ants are known to reproduce by parthenogenesis.

The sciences that deal with the cause of plant diseases and the nature of causal agents are Etiology or Aetiology.
Etiology is the study of causation or origination. It is the study of the causes, origins, or reasons behind the way that things are, or the way they function, or it can refer to the causes themselves.
The word is derived from the Greek (aitiologia) "giving a reason for" (aitia, "cause"); and (-logia).

The two-pigment system theory of photosynthesis was proposed by Hill.
The Hill reaction is the portion of the light reactions in which electrons from water are transferred to an electron acceptor, reducing the acceptor.
This reaction was first observed by Robert Hill in 1937 and it was he who demonstrated that isolated chloroplasts can produce O₂ in the absence of CO₂. These processes are associated with two groups of photosynthetic pigments called pigment system I and pigment system II.

EPIDEMIC is the simulation model of Wheat stripe rust disease.
Stripe rust is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The fungus is dispersed as wind-blown spores which produce new infections.
Wheat stripe rust is a destructive disease that affects worldwide wheat production, widespread in China, representing the largest epidemic region globally. This study aimed to understand the population structure and migration route of Puccinia and also served as a simulation model of the epidemic.