Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Ozone is toxic to expanding leaves of almost all types of plant at the concentration equal to or more than 0.1 ppm.
Ozone damages plants by entering leaf openings called stomata and oxidizing plant tissue during respiration.
Ozone causes considerable damage to plants around the world, including crops and plants in natural ecosystems. Ozone damages plants by entering leaf openings called stomata and oxidizing plant tissue during respiration. This damages the plant leaves and causes reduced survival.

Boron assists in Sugar transport.
Boron (B) is important in plants because it facilitates the transport of sugars through cell membranes. It is also essential for cell wall synthesis and cell division, impacting both quality and yield. Low B levels weaken the structure of pectin, a fiber needed to help the plant remain physically stable.

A virus that infects bacteria and destroys them is called Bacteriophase.
A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the, meaning "to devour".
A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. The word "bacteriophage" literally means "bacteria eater," because bacteriophages destroy their host cells. All bacteriophages are composed of a nucleic acid molecule that is surrounded by a protein structure.

Ions are absorbed by plants through Carriers and pumps.
Pumps energise transport directly through coupling to the hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds. Many carriers are energized by the downhill flow of H⁺ and channels allow the rapid, dissipative transport of cations driven by an electrochemical potential.

Urine contains only 1.0% N.
About 91–96% of urine consists of water. The remainder can be broadly characterized into inorganic salts, urea, organic compounds, and organic ammonium salts.
Cellular metabolism generates many by-products that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Urine can also be used safely as a source of nitrogen in carbon-rich compost.

Major role of phosphorus in plant metabolism is to Generate metabolic energy.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient both as a part of several key plant structure compounds and as a catalysis in the conversion of numerous key biochemical reactions in plants. Phosphorus is noted especially for its role in capturing and converting the sun's energy into useful plant compounds.
Phosphorus promotes early root growth, winter hardiness, and seed formation, stimulates tillering, and increases water use efficiency.

Powdery mildew includes in Ascomycotina.
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales.
Sexual reproduction is via chasmothecia (formerly cleistothecium), a type of ascocarp where the genetic material recombines. Powdery mildew fungi must be adapted to their hosts to be able to infect them. Within each ascocarp are several asci. Under optimal conditions, ascospores mature and are released to initiate new infections.

The presence of VAM enhances uptake of nutrients in general but particularly of P.
The hyphae of VAM penetrate the roots of host plants, and form specialized structures within arbuscles and sometimes vesicles.
Mycorrhizae help increase the surface area of the plant root system because hyphae, which are narrow, can spread beyond the nutrient depletion zone.
Hyphae are long extensions of the fungus, which can grow into small soil pores that allow access to phosphorus otherwise unavailable to the plant.

Maximum starch is manufactured by Palisade parenchyma.
The upper layer of ground tissue in a leaf, consisting of elongated cells beneath and perpendicular to the upper epidermis and constituting the primary area of photosynthesis is palisade parenchyma.
The palisade parenchyma, is located beneath the upper epidermis and composed of columnar cells oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface.
It contains the cylinder-shaped cells that hold the chloroplasts and constitutes the primary area of photosynthesis that converts the light energy to the chemical potential energy of carbohydrates.

In C₃ plants first stable product of photosynthesis during dark reaction is PGA. In glycolysis, 3-phosphoglycerate is an intermediate following the dephosphorylation (reduction) of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of 3-PGA by ATP (which was produced in the light-dependent stage). 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate) and ADP are the products.
Photorespiration turns RuBP into 3-PGA and 2-phosphoglycolate, a 2-carbon molecule that can be converted via glycolate and glyoxalate to glycine.