Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The spores which are produced typically by the binucleate mycelium and mainly function as repeating spores for the spread of rust disease in wheat are called Uredospores.
Urediniospores (or uredospores) are thin-walled spores produced by the uredium, a stage in the life cycle of rusts.
Urediniospores usually have two dikaryotic nuclei within one cell. In mass, they are usually pale brown in contrast to teliospores which are generally dark brown.

Bacterial cell division is mainly by Binary fission.
Binary fission is asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.
Most bacteria rely on binary fission for propagation. As this is a simple process; a cell just needs to grow to twice its starting size and then split in two.

The process of photophosphorylation was discovered by Arnon.
Cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, driven by the main primary source of energy available to living organisms, which is sunlight.
In photophosphorylation, light energy is used to pump protons across a biological membrane, mediated by the flow of electrons through an electron transport chain. This stores energy in a proton gradient.

C₄ plants belong to Monocots and Dicots.
C₄ carbon fixation is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants.
About 8,100 plant species use C₄ carbon fixation, which represents about 3% of all terrestrial species of plants.
C₄ carbon fixation is more common in monocots compared with dicots, with 40% of monocots using the C₄ pathway, compared with only 4.5% of dicots. Despite this, only three families of monocots use C₄ carbon fixation compared to 15 dicot families.

The amount of organic matter by weight in organic soil is > 20%. Soils containing 12% to 18% SOC are generally classified as organic soils.
Soil organic matter (SOM) is the organic matter component of soil, consisting of plant and animal detritus at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil microbes, and substances that soil microbes synthesize.
Although these three elements make up about 92% of the dry weight of the organic matter in the soil, other elements are very important for the nutrition of plants, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and many micronutrients.

Fertilizer use is profitable if each rupee spent on fertilizer produces a crop worth at least Rs. 2.
A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments.
Data on the fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land in 2012 are published by The World Bank.

The planned geographical distribution of major genes for specific resistance to pathogens for use in varietal development and production is referred to as Gene deployment.
Gene deployment is the guided distribution of genes in space and time. Gould divided the gene deployment strategies into two broad categories- 1) spatial (gene deployment at the farm level, at the field level, and the region level) and 2) temporal.

Stage-III of rust fungi is marked by Teliospores.
Teliospores have been defined as the basidia-producing spores of rust fungi. The teliospores are important for the overwintering of most cereal rosts, and they are largely responsible for the formation of new physiologies races of the rosts.
Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales.

Root growth is particularly affected by P.
Phosphorus is also associated with complex energy transformations in the plant.
Adding phosphorus to soil low in available phosphorus promotes root growth and winter hardiness, stimulates tillering, and often hastens maturity.

In the rust cycle, the cereal host is infected by Aeciospores.
Aeciospores are one of several different types of spores formed by Rusts. They each have two nuclei and are typically seen in chain-like formations in the aecium.
Aeciospores are dispersal structures and heteroecious rusts need to land on the primary host.