Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The causal organism Neovossia indica produces Teliospores.
Karnal bunt also known as partial bunt is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale. The smut fungus Neovossia indica, a basidiomycete, invades the kernels and obtains nutrients from the endosperm.
The darkening of the kernel is a result of the kernel tissue being converted into a teliospore mass by the fungus. A teliospore that has successfully attached to a susceptible host will germinate to produce what is known as a promycelium.

The bunchy top is not a disease of apples, whereas all other given in options affect apples.
Birds eye : The disease appears first as dark red spots on the berry. Later, these spots are circular, sunken, and ashy-gray and in late stages, these spots are surrounded by a dark margin which gives them the "bird's-eye rot" appearance.
Powdery mildew: It is caused by the fungus Podosphaera leucotricha, which forms a dense white fungal growth (mycelium) on the host tissue and affects: the leaves and buds.
Downey mildew: Downy mildew is a disease of foliage, caused by a fungus-like (Oomycete) organism. It is spread from plant to plant by airborne spores.

J. C. Luthra and his associates developed the solar heat treatment of wheat seeds for the control of Loose smut.
This treatment is also termed Luthra's solar energy treatment. In this, The seeds are soaked in cold water for 4 hours in the forenoon on a bright summer day followed by spreading and drying the seeds in the hot sun for four hours in the afternoon.
It is proved to be very effective against loose smut of wheat and covered smut of barley.

Sporogenesis is the development and formation of spores.
Sporogenesis is the production of spores. The term is also used to refer to the process of reproduction via spores.
Reproductive spores were found to be formed in eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, algae and fungi, during their normal reproductive life cycle.
Sporogenesis occurs in reproductive structures termed sporangia. The process involves sporogenous cells undergoing cell division to give rise to spores.

Double fertilization and triple fusion were discovered by Nawaschin and Gruignard.
Double fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants (angiosperms). This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte with two male gametes (sperm).
It begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the carpel, the female reproductive structure of a flower. The pollen grain then takes in moisture and begins to germinate, forming a pollen tube that extends down toward the ovary through the style.

A. Hypotrophy is a degeneration in the functioning of an organ due to the reduction of the volume of the cells.
B. Hypertrophy is the increase and growth of muscle cells. Hypertrophy refers to an increase in muscular size achieved through exercise.
C. In hyperplasia, there is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue that appear normal under a microscope.

DPD is an abbreviated form of Diffusion pressure deficit.
The difference between the diffusion pressure of pure solvent and solution is called diffusion pressure deficit (DPD).
It is a reduction in the diffusion pressure of the solvent in the solution over its pure state due to the presence of solutes in it and forces opposing diffusion.

2 rings are found in the flagella structure of Gram +ve bacteria.
The bacterial flagellum is a motile organelle composed of thousands of protein subunits.
The filamentous part that extends from the cell membrane is called the axial structure and consists of three major parts, the filament, hook, rod, and other minor components.
The number of rings varies depending on the membrane systems: four rings in most Gram-negatives and two rings in Gram-positives exemplified by B. subtilis.

Intraspecific incompatibility is overcome by Mixed pollination.
Intraspecific incompatibility or self-incompatibility means the incompatibility between two organisms of the same species.
In the mixed pollination method, the stigma is camouflaged from recognizing the incompatible pollen. This is achieved by pollinating the stigma with a mixture of chemically or irradiated treated compatible pollen and live incompatible pollen. Therefore it helps in overcoming intraspecific incompatibility in those plants.

The use of balanced fertilizer is most desirable because it corrects all deficiencies.
The balanced use of fertilizer aims to increase crop yields, improve the quality of the produce, correct soil nutrient deficiencies, maintain or improve soil fertility, and eventually restore fertility and productivity.