Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Karnal bunt of wheat was first time reported in Karnal by Mitra in 1931.
Karnal bunt is a fungal disease of wheat, durum wheat, and triticale. The disease produces dark colour and a fishy smell on infected kernels.
The darkening of the kernel is a result of the kernel tissue being converted into a teliospore mass by the fungus.

The effective control of late blight of potato is possible by the use of Sanitation measures, Spray of metalaxyl and Bordeaux mixture.
Late blight, also called potato blight, disease of potato and tomato plants that is caused by the water mold Phytophthora infestans.
Initial symptoms of late blight are small, light to dark green, circular to irregular-shaped water-soaked spots.
Metalaxyl fungicide which comes under Phenylamide group with FARC 4, was introduced against oomycetes, is very effective for late blight management and is highly adopted worldwide. The most commonly used for potatoes is the 2% Bordeaux, a 2 : 1 mixture of copper sulphate and hydrated lime.

The nematode Heterodera avenae is confined to the gramineae family except for one single legume which is Senebiera pinnatifolia.
Heterodera avenae is a plant pathogen and an obligate parasite of cereal crops. Crops infected with this nematode are more susceptible to infection by fungal diseases such as rhizoctonia root rot.
Senebiera pinnatifolia, is an annual or biennial herb with decumbent or ascending and glabrous green stems, up to 40 centimetres long, radiating from a central position.

The embryo of Sunflower has two cotyledons.
Helianthus is a genus comprising about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae commonly known as sunflowers.
The plant is dicotyledonous, which means it has two cotyledons, refers that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

When the pollen tube enters the ovule through the integuments, the phenomenon is known as Mesogamy.
The integuments are the outer layer of the ovule and develop into a seed coat as the ovule matures after fertilization. Integuments encases the embryosac.

Kresek in rice is a characterics feature of BLB.
In seedlings, the leaves dry out and wilt, a syndrome known as kresek. Infected seedlings usually are killed by bacterial blight within two to three weeks of being infected; adult plants may survive, though rice yield and quality are diminished.
BLB is Bacterial leaf blight disease, occurs at different growth stages of rice and is manifested by either leaf blight or Kresek symptoms. The water-soaked lessions enlarge in size, turn yellow, and ultimately lead to the death of the plant.

Renowned scientist Dr. N. E. Borlaug belongs to Plant Pathology.
Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution. Borlaug received his B.S. in forestry in 1937 and Ph.D. in plant pathology and genetics from the University of Minnesota in 1942.
Borlaug was awarded multiple honours for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.

a. N content in Anhydrous ammonia is 82%. Anhydrous ammonia, NH₃, is typically among the least expensive sources of nitrogen and contains 82 percent nitrogen by weight, the highest of all available sources.
b. N content in Ammonium Phosphate is 16%. Ammonium phosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula (NH₄)₃PO₄. It is the ammonium salt of orthophosphoric acid.
c. N content in Di-ammonium phosphate is 18 - 21%. DAP (NH₄)₂HPO₄: Fertilizer grade DAP Contains 18% Nitrogen and 46% Phosphorus (P₂O₅). DAP is manufactured by reacting Ammonia with Phosphoric acid under controlled conditions in fertilizer plants.
d. N content in Ammonium chloride is 25%. Ammonium chloride, a by-product of sodium bicarbonate production, contains 25 and 65% N and chlorine, respectively, and can be used as a nitrogen fertilization source in crops.

Cyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP only.
Cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, driven by the main primary source of energy available to living organisms, which is sunlight.
In photophosphorylation, light energy is used to pump protons across a biological membrane, mediated by the flow of electrons through an electron transport chain. This stores energy in a proton gradient. As the protons flow back through an enzyme called ATP synthase, ATP is generated from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Barley is a small grain crops that has exceptional tolerance to law leaves of soil copper supply.
Barley is a small grain crop that has exceptional tolerance to law leaves of soil copper supply. Ears of copper deficient plants are often trapped in the sheath and emerge with white tips and blind spikelets plants show dry, white and twisted tips. Young leaves wilt on their tips whereas the basal leaves remain dark green.