Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Ferredoxin is a constituent of PS I.
Ferredoxins are nonheme-iron-containing proteins and are mainly found in anaerobic bacteria and chloroplasts.
Ferredoxin and flavodoxin are soluble proteins that are reduced by the terminal electron acceptors of photosystem I.
When NADP⁺ and a suitable enzyme are present, two ferredoxin molecules, carrying one electron each, transfer two electrons to NADP⁺, which picks up a proton and becomes NADPH.

The most widely used source of nitrogen in agriculture in India is Urea.
Urea is the world's most common and widely used nitrogen fertilizer in the agricultural sector for improved plant growth and yield.
This chemical fertilizer has been used as a ladder to huge success in the agro revolution among farmers. Urea is an organic solid nitrogen fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 46–0–0.

Single superphosphate has a chemical composition Ca(H₂PO₄)₂.
Single Super Phosphate contains only one nutrient i.e. Phosphorus. So, it is a simple fertilizer having the chemical formula Ca(H₂PO₄)₂.2H₂O (Monocalcium Phosphate Dihydrate). In SSP, the phosphorus is in the form of P₂O₅ and contains 16% P₂O₅.
Single Superphosphate is produced by reacting naturally occurring phosphate rock with sulphuric acid. This process converts insoluble phosphates into forms more readily available to plants.

ETC and TCA enzymes occur in Mitochondria.
The ETC is embedded within the extensive inner membrane of the mitochondrion, near the mitochondrial matrix in which the TCA cycle is localized.
In a series of enzymatic reactions, the TCA cycle generates the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which are required to transfer electrons to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, also known as the electron transport chain (ETC).

Hexose monosphosphate shunt is the Pentose phosphate pathway.
The pentose phosphate pathway also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt and the HMP Shunt is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis.
It generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides. While the pentose phosphate pathway does involve the oxidation of glucose, its primary role is anabolic rather than catabolic.

When a molecule of pyruvic acid is subjected to anaerobic oxidation and forms lactic acid, there is a Loss of 3 ATP molecules.
Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.
Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.

Fragrant flowers with well-developed nectaries are an adaptation for Entomophily.
Some flowers possess pleasant odour and attractive colours for Entomophily.
Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants is distributed by insects.
Flowers pollinated by insects typically advertise themselves with bright colours, sometimes with conspicuous patterns leading to rewards of pollen and nectar; they also have an attractive scent which in some cases mimics insect pheromones.

Kranz anatomy occurs in Leaves.
The primary function of kranz anatomy is to provide a site in which CO₂ can be concentrated around RuBisCO, thereby avoiding photorespiration.
Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells in leaves are connected through numerous cytoplasmic sleeves called plasmodesmata whose permeability at the leaf level is called bundle sheath conductance.

The sexually fruiting body of Powdery mildew fungi is Cleistothecium.
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants.
Powdery mildew fungi can only reproduce on their living cell host and reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Sexual reproduction is via chasmothecia (formerly cleistothecium), a type of ascocarp where the genetic material recombines.
The overwintering survival structure produced by the powdery mildew fungi is called the chasmothecia. This is a round, dark, hard resting structure.