Plant Pathology MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Plants purify the air during Photosynthesis.
Plants purify the air during photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light and carbon dioxide into food to fuel growth and create oxygen along the way.
Through photosynthesis, they convert the carbon dioxide we exhale into fresh oxygen, and they can also remove toxins from the air we breathe.

The disease in which small droplets of pink or light honey-coloured fluid (the honeydew stage) exudes from the spikelets is Ergot of bajra.
Cream to pink mucilaginous droplets of "honeydew" ooze out of infected florets on pearl millet panicles and form sclerotia. And within 10 to 15 days, the droplets dry and harden, and dark brown to black sclerotia develop in place of seeds on the panicle.
Sclerotia are larger than seeds and irregularly shaped, and generally get mixed with the grain during threshing.

Aspergillus is the weed fungi for lab from the given options.
Aspergillus niger is called the "weed of microbiology lab" due to its ubiquitous nature. Its spores are found almost everywhere.
It causes diseases known as "Black molds" for example "black mold of onion".
Aspergillus species are used in the fermentation industry, but they are also responsible for various plant and food secondary rot, with the consequence of the possible accumulation of mycotoxins.

Aspergillus niger test is used for Cu and Mg.
Aspergillus niger is a haploid filamentous fungus that is used for waste management and biotransformations in addition to its industrial uses, such as the production of citric acid and extracellular enzymes.
The use of Aspergillus niger (Mulder's M strain) as a test organism for determining Mg, Cu, Zn and Mo in soils, and the last-named in tissue extracts and the ash of plants.

In the process of respiration in plants 180 g of glucose plus 192 g of oxygen produce 264 g of CO₂, 108 g of water and 686 cal. of energy.
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor such as oxygen to produce large amounts of energy, to drive the bulk production of ATP.
C₆H₁₂O₆ (s) + 6O₂ (g) → 6CO₂ (g) + 6H₂O (l) + heat energy.
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) into pyruvate (CH₃COCO₂H). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).

The cofactor required for the formation of acetyl CoA is ATP, Lipoic acid, and Mg+2, CoA.
Acetyl-CoA is a thioester between the acyl group carrier, acetic acid and a thiol, coenzyme A. Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH or HSCoA) is the key cofactor in the first step of the TCA cycle, responsible for transferring the acetyl group from pyruvate oxidation to oxaloacetate yielding citrate.
Acetyl-CoA, as a carrier of acyl groups, is an essential cofactor in the posttranslational acetylation reactions of histone and nonhistone proteins catalyzed by HATs.

A bacteria which have a large number of flagella all over the cell is categorized as Peritrichous.
Bacteria are classified into four groups: monotrichous (having one flagellum), amphitrichous (single flagellum at both ends), lophotrichous (numerous flagella as a tuft), and peritrichous (flagella distributed all over the cell except at the poles).
Peritrichous bacteria possess multiple flagella that can grow from essentially any point on the cell body surface.

Pigment acting as a reaction centre during photosynthesis is P₇₀₀.
The process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll (and other coloured) pigments/chromophores.
The excited electrons lost from the reaction center (P₇₀₀) of photosystem I are replaced by transfer from plastocyanin, whose electrons come from electron transport through photosystem II.
P700 absorbance and gas exchange measurements reveal detailed information about e.g. the photosystems, quantum efficiency and the CO₂ assimilation rates.

Cuscuta is a complete stem parasite.
Cuscuta commonly known as dodder or amarbel, is a genus of over 201 species of yellow, orange, or red (rarely green) parasitic plants.
It is an ectoparasite and is categorized as a holoparasitic plant or a plant that is non-photosynthetic and is completely dependent on a host. The dodder can grow and attach itself to multiple plants. In tropical areas, it can grow more or less continuously and may reach high into the canopy of shrubs and trees.

The causal organism of the bunt of rice is Neovossia horrida.
T. horrida has had a chaotic taxonomic history. It has been reclassified within Neovossia.
Tilletia horrida, rice kernel smut, caryopsis smut, black smut, or grain smut, is a fungal rice disease believed to only affect the Oryza genus. It presents as a bunt disease in rice.