Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Poliination by bats is termd as Cheiropterophilly.
The pollination of plants by bats is called chiropterophily. Plants pollinated by bats often have pale nocturnal flowers (in contrast, bees are most attracted to bright, daytime flowers).
These flowers are often large and bell-shaped, and some bats have evolved specifically to reach the nectar at the bottom of them.

The phenomenon in which the occurrence of one crossing over in chromosome interferes with the second crossing over in neighboring segments is Interference.
Interference is the term used to refer to the non-random placement of crossovers concerning each other during meiosis.
One crossover "interferes with the coincident occurrence of another crossing over in the same pair of chromosomes, and I have accordingly termed this phenomenon ‘interference’."

An example of an Inducible Operon is the Lac operon.
The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.
The type of regulation that the lac operon undergoes is referred to as negative inducible, meaning that the gene is turned off by the regulatory factor (lac repressor) unless some molecule (lactose) is added.

The ratio expected from complementary gene action is 9 : 7.
Complementary genes are a type of gene interaction between two alleles (or gene versions) of two different genes that work together to create a specific phenotype or visible trait.
Complementary gene action is when two different genes work together to contribute to one single trait.

The gametophytic system of self-incompatibility was first reported in Nicotiana sanderae.
Gametophytic self-incompatibility is a type of self-incompatibility that was first described by east and mangeldorf in 1925 in tobacco.
In this system, the incompatibility reaction of pollen is determined by its genotype and not by the genotype of the plant on which it is produced.
It involves the inability of the gametes from the same parent plant to fuse and form a zygote or, if the zygote forms, then it fails to develop.

Transduction was discovered in the virus by Zinder & Lederberg.
Transduction is the process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another. Viruses called bacteriophages can infect bacterial cells and use them as hosts to make more viruses.
Genetic recombination in bacteria in which genes from a host cell (a bacterium) are incorporated into the genome of a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) and then carried to another host cell when the bacteriophage initiates another cycle of infection.

The degenerative plant parts which are not useful for any processes are vestigial structures.
Vestigiality or vestigial structures are the retentions, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species.
Plants also have vestigial parts, including functionless stipules and carpels, leaf reduction of Equisetum, and paraphyses of Fungi.

Acclimatization means a process of adjustment by crop plants to the environment.
Acclimation is the capacity to adapt to environmental changes within the lifetime of an individual.
This ability allows plants to cope with the continuous variation in ambient conditions to which they are exposed as sessile organisms.

The inherent capacity of an organism to increase in numbers under ideal conditions is known as Reproductive potential.
It is the relative capacity of a species to reproduce itself under optimum conditions.
The reproductive success of plants is often the outcome of mutualistic and antagonistic plant-animal interactions.
Plants may reproduce asexually or sexually. In asexual reproduction, an entirely new plant arises that is genetically identical to the parent plant. In sexual reproduction, egg and sperm cells combine to form a new plant that is genetically distinct from the parent plants.

For disease resistance purposes, Backcross breeding and Transgenic breeding both breeding methods is conducted.
Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety (donor parent, DP) into the favored genetic background of another (recurrent parent, RP).
Genetic improvement of crop plants, domestic animals and useful micro-organisms, through genetic engineering, about their economic use for mankind is referred to as transgenic breeding.