Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The longest phase of Mitosis is Prophase.
The first and longest phase of mitosis is prophase. During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
In animal cells, the centrioles near the nucleus begin to separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Chlorosis is the yellowing of leaves due to the loss of chlorophyll.
Chlorosis is a yellowing of leaf tissue due to a lack of chlorophyll. Possible causes of chlorosis include poor drainage, damaged roots, compacted roots, high alkalinity, and nutrient deficiencies in the plant.
Affected leaves turn yellow, except for the veins, which remain green. In severe cases, foliage may turn brown and die.

Primula is an ideal example of a heteromorphic sporophytic system of incompatibility, where two types of flowers, pin and thrum, are observed. The compatible mating is observed in the crosses of Pin × thrum flowers of its reciprocals.
Primula is a complex and varied genus, with a range of habitats from alpine slopes to boggy meadows.
In heteromorphic system, flowers of different incompatibility groups are different in morphology. For example, in Primula there are two types of flowers, pin, and thrum. Pin flowers have long styles and short stamens, while thrum flowers have short styles and long stamens.

Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter can convert the ammonia to nitrites.
Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemoautotrophic organisms found in soil and water and are responsible for the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite (Nitrosomonas) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
Nitrification is the process that converts ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate and is another important step in the global nitrogen cycle.

The general morphology of the somatic chromosome is Karyotype.
A karyotype is a preparation of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or an individual organism, sorted by length, centromere location, and other features and for a test that detects this complement or counts the number of chromosomes.
Karyotypes describe the chromosome count of an organism.

The seed multiplication ratio in potatoes and groundnut are 1 : 4 and 1 : 8 respectively.
It is the number of seeds to be produced from a single seed when it is sown and harvested. At the time of the release of a variety, a small quantity of seed normally known as nucleus seed is available with the plant breeder.
The process of seed planning involves the use of the Seed Multiplication Ratio (SMR) in the computation and estimation of seed demand in the country.

Nonhistone proteins present over chromosomes are DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
The non-histone proteins are a large group of heterogeneous proteins that play a role in organization and compaction of the chromosome into higher-order structures.
Scaffold proteins, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase Heterochromatin Protein 1 and Polycomb are common non-histone proteins.

The theory of organic solutes moving from 'the source to the sink' was proposed by Munch.
It also known as the Pressure flow hypothesis or mass flow hypothesis, is the best-supported theory to explain the movement of sap through the phloem. It was proposed by Ernst Munch, a German plant physiologist in 1930.
The gradient of sugar from source to sink causes pressure to flow through the sieve tube toward the sink. The pressure gradient is established as a consequence of the entry of sugars in sieve elements at the source and the removal of sucrose at the sink.

Cynodon dactylon is Autotriploid.
An autotriploid would have three copies of the basic chromosomal set. One way to produce an autotriploid is by mating a diploid with a haploid (n) gamete and a tetraploid with a 2n gamete. The offspring would have unbalanced gametes and therefore possibly be sterile.
Autotriploids have three chromosome sets derived from a single taxon, and cyanadon has the same.

In the DNA double helix, ^G/_A is equal to ^C/_T.
Chargaff's rules state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine.
This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA. They were discovered by Austrian-born chemist Erwin Chargaff, in the late 1940s.