Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The fruit type of sunflower is Cypsela.
Cypsela is a dry single-seeded fruit formed from a double ovary of which only one develops into a seed, as in the daisy family.
The term "sunflower seed" is a misnomer when applied to the seed in its pericarp (hull). Botanically speaking, it is a cypsela. When dehulled, the edible remainder is called the sunflower kernel or heart.

Meiosis division is I reductional, II equational.
Meiosis is part of the sexual process because gametes (sperm, eggs) have one-half the chromosomes as diploid (2N) individuals.
There are two divisions in meiosis; the first division is meiosis I: the number of cells is doubled but the number of chromosomes is not. Meiosis II is equational division due to Separation of chromatids.

Self-incompatibility was first reported in Virbaseum phoeniceum.
Self-incompatibility is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrossing. The self-incompatibility response is genetically controlled by one or more multi-allelic loci, and relies on a series of complex cellular interactions between the self-incompatible pollen and pistil.
Verbascum phoeniceum is a dicot plant that begins with rosette growth in late spring and into summer. The first observation of self-incompatibility in plants was made on V. phoeniceum in the late 18^th century and published by Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter.

CIMMYT is located in Mexico.
CIMMYT is the global leader in publicly-funded maize and wheat research and related farming systems.
Headquartered near Mexico City, the Center works with its partners throughout the developing world to sustainably increase the productivity of maize and wheat cropping systems, thus improving global food security and reducing poverty.
CIMMYT’s germplasm bank is home to humanity’s largest collection of maize and wheat varieties made freely available to scientists, researchers and farmers around the world.

The ratio of genotypic covariance to the phenotypic covarience is known as Heritability.
Heritability is the ratio of genetic variance (VG) to phenotypic variance (VP) and ranges from 0 to 1.
High heritability values of 0.5 mean that on average half of the differences among phenotypes of animals are genetic. Low values of approximately 0.1 mean that most of the differences are not genetic.

Exanthema in citrus trees is a reserve of the deficiency of Copper.
The branches, especially the terminal ones, the leaves, and the fruit are all attacked. As a general rule, there is no apparent effect on the roots. The symptoms of exanthema are variable. Severely affected trees carry a large quantity of dead wood.
The dropping, blemishing and cracking- of fruit form one of the most common symptoms. Brown glossy areas occur particularly on one side of the fruit. The surface may show small dots of gum.
Copper treatment may take two forms. The trees may be sprayed with a weak Bordeaux mixture, preferably at blossoming time.

N. E. Borlaug was awarded Nobel Prize in 1970.
He was an American agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution.
Borlaug was awarded multiple honors for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.
Borlaug received his B. S. in forestry in 1937 and Ph.D. in plant pathology and genetics from the University of Minnesota in 1942.

Recurrent Selection is one of the following methods of plant breeding that is not being used in cross-pollinated crops.
Recurrent selection means repeated cycles of selection and breeding aimed at the gradual genetic improvement of a few key traits in a single species.
The benefits of breeding are cumulative in that each cycle or generation of improvement builds upon advances made in prior generations.

Pusa Gold is a new variety of wheat.
It was released in the year 2005 for Delhi NCR region.
It is suitable for irrigated late and very late sown conditions. Fits well in intensive cropping systems. Average seed yield is 37.3 q/ha.
It possesses genes for thermo tolerance and leaf rust resistance.

The method used to break the unfavourable linkage is Diallele selective mating.
The concept of a diallele selective mating system was originally developed by Jensen in 1970. He used this system for genetic improvement of wheat.
It is a method of population improvement of autogamous species that involves parental diallele series, F1 diallele series and selective mating series in the breeding procedure.