Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The term DNA Fingerprinting was coined by A. Jeffrey.
Alec John Jeffreys created a process called DNA fingerprinting in the UK during the twentieth century.
For DNA fingerprinting, technicians identify a person as the source of a biological sample by comparing the genetic information contained in the person's DNA to the DNA contained in the sample.

The codon for anticodon 3' UAU 5' is 5'AUA3'.
A codon is a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.
An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.

The terms vertical resistance and horizontal resistance were coined by Van der Plank (1963).
The term vertical resistance, used commonly in the context of plant selection, was first used by J. E. Vanderplank to describe single-gene resistance. This contrasted with the term horizontal resistance which was used to describe many-gene resistance.
Vertical resistance there are single genes for resistance in the host plant, and there are also single genes for parasitic ability in the parasite. This phenomenon is known as the gene-for-gene relationship, and it is the defining characteristic of vertical resistance.

D. L. Arnon gave the criteria for the essentiality of elements.
The term essential mineral element (or mineral nutrient) was proposed by Arnon and Stout (1939). They concluded three criteria must be met for an element to be considered essential.
The element must be directly involved in plant metabolism. These criteria are important guidelines for plant nutrition but exclude beneficial mineral elements. Beneficial elements are those that can compensate for the toxic effects of other elements or may replace mineral nutrients in some other less specific function such as the maintenance of osmotic pressure.

The attraction between two similar molecules is Cohesion.
Cohesion keeps molecules of the same substance together. For plants, cohesion keeps the water molecules together. Surface tension is the effect of intermolecular attraction that causes liquids to form a top or outer layer that behaves like a thin film of sorts.
Cohesion causes more water molecules to fill the gap in the xylem as the topmost water is pulled toward the stomata.

Ploidy levels of Gametophyte and Sporophyte are n and 2n respectively.
Gametes develop in the multicellular haploid gametophyte.
Fertilization gives rise to a multicellular diploid sporophyte, which produces haploid spores via meiosis. This type of life cycle is called a haplodiplontic life cycle.

The term genotype and phenotype were coined by physiologist Wilhelm Johannsen in 1911.
The genotype-phenotype distinction is drawn in genetics. "Genotype" is an organism's full hereditary information. "Phenotype" is an organism's actual observed properties, such as morphology, development, or behavior.
This distinction is fundamental in the study of the inheritance of traits and their evolution.

Iron is one among the following given options that are essential as an electron carrier.
Iron act as an electron carrier in the cytochromes.
Iron is an essential nutrient for all living organisms as a cofactor of many enzymes and plays important roles in electron transport system (ETS) enzymes which have heme and iron-sulfur centers.

Inheritance of skin colour in man is Trigenic.
Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase, which creates the color of the skin, eyes, and hair shades.
Skin colour inheritance in man is controlled by multiple genes and hence it is an example of polygenic inheritance.

A condition in which F₁ plants of an interspecific cross are vigorous and fertile but their F₂ progeny is weak and sterile is called Hybrid breakdown.
The hybrid breakdown is a type of reproductive failure that appears after the F₂ generation of crosses between different species or subspecies. It is caused by incompatibility between interacting genes.