Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Tabacco, safflower, jowar and jute is the Ofter cross-pollinated crops.
In many self-pollinating species, cross-pollination may occur up to 5% or even reach 30%, such species are referred to as often cross-pollinating species.
The production differences between India and those nations are substantial in the cross and often cross-pollinated crops compare to self-pollinated crops.
Commercial crops like cotton and tobacco are included in often cross-pollinated crops category.

The purity % of the Nucleus seed is 100%.
It is the initial amount of pure seed of improved variety or parental lines of a hybrid produced under the supervision of the plant breeder who has evolved that variety or hybrid.
The nucleus seed is genetically cent percent pure and does not contain other physical impurities.

Removal of awns in cereals is done by Debearder.
The awn, a bristle-like extension from the lemma in the floret, is one of the distinct morphological and physiological traits in grass species. Awns are an evolutionary trait assisting seed dispersal and germination and increasing photosynthesis.
Debearders (deawners) are used to remove appendages from seeds that are difficult to clean with air-screen separators. The debearder consists of a rotating shaft inside a steel cylinder.

Specific combining ability is tested for the development of Synthetics.
Specific combining ability (SCA) is the relative performance of a cross that is associated with non-additive gene action, predominantly contributed by dominance, epistasis, or genotype-environment interaction effects, and is directly related to the breeding value of a parent.
A synthetic variety is developed by intercrossing several genotypes of known superior combining ability i.e., genotypes that are known to give superior hybrid performance when crossed in all combinations.

The hybrid Varalaxmi is the product of Intraspecific hybridization between Gossypium hirstum and Gossypium barbadense.
Two years after the release of H 4, the world’s first interspecific hybrid between G.hirsutum and G.barbadense was released from the cotton Research Sciences, Bangalore under the name “Varalaxmi”.
It was released for cultivation in Karnataka state, but later on spread to other states such as Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra under irrigated areas.

The 'one gene-one enzyme hypothesis was proposed by Beadle and Tatum.
The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that genes act through the production of enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single step in a metabolic pathway.
The concept was proposed by George Beadle and Edward Tatum in an influential 1941 paper on genetic mutations in the mold Neurospora crassa and subsequently was dubbed the "one gene-one enzyme hypothesis".

Amino acids make the protein chain.
A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond.
Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides. Each type of protein has a unique sequence of amino acids, the same from one molecule to the next.

There is an increase in ABA content, Ethylene content, and also proline content under drought conditions.
Under drought stress, ABA levels were found to be significantly enhanced in the developing seed.
Under drought, the production of ethylene increases and results in an initial increase, drought induces the de novo synthesis of ACS, the rate-controlling enzyme of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway.
Proline accumulates in the leaf under drought stress. Compared to roots and stems, the proline content of the leaf was higher by 1 h post-drought stress and reached the peak.

ISTA formulated rules for Seed testing.
ISTA stands for International Rules for seed testing. The ISTA Rules are the key element of ISTA's vision to achieve uniformity in seed testing and include testing methods for seeds designated for crop or plant production.
The ISTA Rules are approved and amended at the ISTA Ordinary Meetings, based on advice from the ISTA Technical Committees. The procedures for the validation of test methods are given in the ISTA Method Validation Programme.

Removal of water vapour from the air in stored food grains is Dehumidification.
Dehumidification is a highly energy-intensive process, especially in humid climates and for building typologies that require strict space humidity set points.
Sub-cooling of air to condense out the moisture using chilled water or refrigerant is the most common method for dehumidifying.