Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Photosynthesis does not take place during the night because Light is not available at night.
During photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs energy from blue- and red-light waves and reflects green-light waves, making the plant appear green. It is a light-dependent reaction that requires light to prepare food in plants.

Hershey and Chase proved that DNA is the genetic material while working on the Phage virus.
Hershey and Chase showed that when bacteriophages, which are composed of DNA and protein, infect bacteria, their DNA enters the host bacterial cell, but most of their protein does not.
Hershey and Chase and subsequent discoveries all served to prove that DNA is the hereditary material while working on bacteriophage virus.

Reverse transcription is also known as Teminism. It was discovered by Temin and Baltimore in 1978.
It is the process in cells by which an enzyme makes a copy of DNA from RNA. The enzyme that makes the DNA copy is called reverse transcriptase and is found in retroviruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus.

Growth in plants is measured by Auxanometer.
An auxanometer is an apparatus for measuring the increase of growth in plants.
When the plant's height increases, the pulley rotates and the pointer moves on a circular scale to directly give the magnitude of growth.
The "rate of growth" is a derived measurement obtained by dividing the length of growth measured by the auxanometer.

Option A: Back cross
This is a general term.
It means crossing a hybrid (like our F1) with *any* of its parents (dominant *or* recessive).

Option B: Test cross
This is the correct answer.
A test cross *specifically* means crossing the F1 hybrid with the recessive parent.
It's used to figure out the genotype of the F1.

Option C: Monohybrid cross
This refers to the type of cross, not the specific breeding pattern.
It means crossing individuals to study the inheritance of *one* trait only.

Option D: Single cross
This generally refers to a cross between two inbred lines.
It's not directly related to crossing an F1 with a recessive parent.

Therefore, the best answer is B: Test cross.

The excess nitrogen supply to plants produces Dark green leaves.
Nitrogen is part of the chlorophyll molecule, which gives plants their green colour and is involved in creating food for the plant through photosynthesis.
Lack of nitrogen shows up as general yellowing (chlorosis) of the plant.

When male and female flowers mature at different times leads to cross-pollination Dichogamy.
Dichogamy is a temporal flowering system in which male and female reproductive organs mature at different times within a single flower or across multiple flowers.
It refers to the maturation of anthers and stigma of the same flowers at different times. Dichogamy promotes cross-pollination even in the hermaphrodite species.

Mendel presented his results in the form of Two papers in the German language.
Mendel first presented his results in two separate lectures in 1865 to the Natural Science Society in Brunn in german language.
His paper “Experiments on Plant Hybrids” was published in the society's journal, Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, the following year.
He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent.

In the sporophytic system of self-incompatibility, full fertility will result from a cross between S₂S₃ × S₁S₂.
Sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI) is a self-pollen recognition system that enforces outcrossing in plants.
Recognition in SSI systems is typically controlled by a complex locus (S-locus) with separate genes that determine pollen and stigma specificity.

Central institute for cotton research located at Nagpur.
Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR), is a central research institute established in 1976 by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research to promote long-term research efforts in cotton production and provide support and conduct applied research on cotton with the active involvement of State Universities.
Its headquarters are located in Nagpur and the other two regional units are located at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and Sirsa, Haryana.