Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Pigeon pea is the often cross-pollinated crop but Alfalfa is the Cross-pollinated crop.
In some crop plants, cross-pollination often exceeds 5 percent and may reach 30 percent. Such species are generally known as often cross-pollinated species.
Cross-pollination, also called allogamy occurs when pollen is delivered to a flower from a different plant.
Alfalfa, also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. Organic growers were concerned that GM alfalfa could cross-pollinate with their organic alfalfa, making their crops unsalable in countries that ban the growing of GM crops.
Pigeonpea is often cross-pollinated by bees (Megachile spp.). The level of cross-pollination between plants ranges from 0 - 40%, depending on genotype and insect pollinator populations.

The tissue which nourishes microspores is Tapetum.
Tapetum is the innermost cell layer in the anther.
The tapetum is a specialized layer of nutritive cells found within the anther, of flowering plants, where it is located between the sporogenous tissue and the anther wall.
Tapetum is important for the nutrition and development of pollen grains, as well as a source of precursors for the pollen coat.

Gladiolus is produced through Bulbs.
Gladiolus grows from a large bulb each year, then dies back and regrows the following year. This “bulb” is known as a corm, and the plant grows a new one right on top of the old one each year.
The cormels of the first year would be normally of very small size and would not yield any flowers.

The F2 ratio in polymeric gene action is 9 : 6 : 1.
Polymeric gene carriers are a potential alternative to using viral vectors. Polymeric carriers have relatively low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity.
In addition, polymeric carriers can accommodate large-size DNA, be conjugated with appropriate functionalities, and be administered repeatedly. The F₂ ratio in polymeric gene action is 9 : 6 : 1.

The characters are transmitted from generation to generation through chromosomes as proposed by Strassburger and Hertwig.
Heredity refers to specific mechanisms by which characteristics or traits are passed from one generation to the next via genes.
Genes encode the information for making specific proteins, which are responsible for the specific traits of an individual.

The acceptor of CO₂ in the C₃ -the plant is 1, 5 ribulose biphosphate (RUBP a 5 Carbon compound).
The enzyme RuBisCO catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, RuBP, a 5-carbon compound, by carbon dioxide (a total of 6 carbons) in a two-step reaction.
The product of the first step is an enediol-enzyme complex that can capture CO₂ or O₂. Thus, enediol-enzyme complex is the real carboxylase/oxygenase.

The theory of 'Lac Operon' was given by Jacob and Monod and applies to only prokaryotes.
The lactose operon (lac operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.
This lactose metabolism system was used by François Jacob and Jacques Monod to determine how a biological cell knows which enzyme to synthesize.
Their work on the lac operon won them the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1965.

Baldness is Sex influenced trait.
Sex-influenced traits are due to genes on autosomes, and their expression is variable between the sexes.
This is different from sex-limited traits, where generally only one sex is affected.
An example of this is some forms of baldness, which can affect both males and females, though it's more common in males.

Seeds of monocotyledons are Albuminous and endospermic.
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve.
Albuminous seeds refer to those seeds that retain or restore some part of the endosperm during embryonic development.
The outer nucellus layer (perisperm) is referred to as albumen, and the inner endosperm layer is vitellus.

The terms Muton, Recon and Cistron were coined by Benzer.
Muton is the smallest element of genetic material capable of undergoing a distinct mutation, usually identified as a single pair of nucleotides.
A region of a gene within which there can be no crossing-over; now known to be a single nucleotide pair is termed a Recon.
A term coined by Seymour Benzer for the smallest combinable unit within a cistron. It is a section of a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific polypeptide in protein synthesis.