Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The following flowering hormone is produced in some plants as a result of low temperature Vernalin.
The low-temperature treatment produces vernalin. This vernalin induces flowering. However, this hypothetical hormone vernalin cannot be isolated.

The unit of inheritance according to Mendel is referred to as a Factor.
A specific unit factor exists for each trait (tall gene and dwarf gene). Each diploid individual has two unit factors, one of which was inherited from each parent. Factors occur in pairs; therefore, three combinations are possible: two tall, two dwarf, or one of each.

In photosynthesis, light is important because it produces Hydrogen donors, O₂ and ATP.
The light-dependent reaction takes place within the thylakoid membrane and requires a steady stream of sunlight, hence the name light-dependent reaction.
The chlorophyll absorbs energy from the light waves, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH.

Wheat is naturally segmental allopolyploid.
An additional category of polyploids has been described as “segmental allopolyploidy”, an intermediate point between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy. This is, both recombination within subgenomes) and between subgenomes occur during meiosis.
The wheat group has evolved through allopolyploidization, namely, through hybridization among species from the plant genera Aegilops and Triticum followed by genome doubling. This speciation process has been associated with ecogeographical expansion and with domestication.

The first artificial hybrid was made by Thomas Fairchild.
In 1716 - 17 he was the first person to scientifically produce an artificial hybrid, Dianthus Caryophyllus barbatus, known as "Fairchild's Mule", a cross between a Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) and a Carnation pink.
He did this by taking pollen from the Sweet William with a feather and brushing it onto the stigma of the Carnation pink. The cross was made in the summer of 1716, the new plant appearing the next spring.

An inbred is used as a tester in recurrent selection for SCA.
Plant lines are considered inbred when the offspring (progeny) from a self-fertilized plant looks identical to the parent, as well as identical to one another.
It was originally proposed by Hull in 1945. It’s a form of recurrent selection that is used to improve the SCA of a population for a character by using a homozygous tester referred to as (RSSCA) recurrent selection for specific combining ability.

The branch of science that deals with study of the preservation of cells, tissues and organs in liquid nitrogen are called Cryobiology.
Cryobiology is the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living things within Earth's cryosphere or in science.
Cryobiology is the study of biological material or systems at temperatures below normal. Temperatures may range from moderately hypothermic conditions to cryogenic temperatures.

Open pollination of a group of genotypes (generally selected) in isolation in such a way as to promote random mating is called Polycross.
It is a cross in which the female parent is known but the male may belong to any of several available strains and which is used in the production of new lines of some economic plants.
It refers to an initial step in the development of a synthetic variety where you are working with a crop that displays heterosis but its breeding system requires too many of our resources to market it as a hybrid as with maize.

In back cross breeding repeated crossing. With recurrent parent is done to Completely recover the genotype of recurrent parent.
Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety (donor parent, DP) into the favoured genetic background of another (recurrent parent, RP).
If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing within seven seasons.

Ginger and turmeric are examples of modified stems named Rhizome.
Rhizome, also called creeping rootstalk, horizontal underground plant stem capable of producing the shoot and root systems of a new plant.
Rhizomes are used to store starches and proteins and enable plants to perennate (survive an annual unfavourable season) underground.