Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

An amino acid which has related to drought tolerance in plants Proline.
Proline, an amino acid, plays an important role in plants. It protects the plants from various stresses and also helps plants to recover from stress more rapidly.
When applied exogenously to plants exposed to stress, Proline results in increased growth and other physiological characteristics of plants.

Pollination and fertilization in an unopened flower bud is a situation called Cleistogamy.
Cleistogamy is a type of automatic self-pollination of certain plants that can propagate by using non-opening, self-pollinating flowers.
The principal advantage of cleistogamy is that it requires fewer plant resources to produce seeds than chasmogamy because the development of petals, nectar, and large amounts of pollen is not required.

One diploid individual has a total DNA content of 2C which increases to 4C before the onset of mitosis. At anaphase, the DNA content is 2C.
The DNA amount in the unreplicated gametic nucleus of an organism is referred to as its C-value, irrespective of the ploidy level of the taxon.
The DNA content is 2C, where C is defined as the mass of DNA present in a haploid chromosome set. As in the anaphase stage of mitosis, the diploid cell becomes haploid thus, the DNA content is also halved from 4C to 2C.

Adaptation is a process of adjustment of the individual to their environment using a special structure.
It is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness.
Also it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each organism, and is maintained and has evolved through natural selection.

'Origin of species' was published in 1859.
On the Origin of Species utilizing Natural Selection, a groundbreaking scientific work by British naturalist Charles Darwin is published in England on 24^th November 1859.
Darwin's theory argued that organisms gradually evolve through a process he called “natural selection”. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.

The histones of DNA are synthesized in the S phase.
The new histones are made in the cytoplasm during the S phase and are transported into the nucleus. It is deposited by chromatin assembly factors or histone chaperones on replicating DNA to form chromatin in a process known as chromatin assembly.
The old histones are disassembled from DNA, presumably shielded and chaperoned until they are reassembled into nucleosomes.

a. Telomeres is the point or region at the end of the chromosome. Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled. Each time a cell divides, the telomeres become slightly shorter.
b. Gene located in a different chromosome is unlinked gene. Unlinked genes may be on different chromosomes, or so far apart on the same chromosome that they are often separated by recombination.
c. Gene closely located in chromosomes leads to complete linkage. It linkage between genes that are located close together on the same chromosome with no crossing over between them.
d. Four linkage groups are present in Fruit fly. In fruit fly, there are four pair of chromosomes: three are autosomal pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. Genes present on one chromosome form a linkage group.

Green Revolution in India occurred in 1960.
The Green Revolution in India was initiated in the 1960s by introducing high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat to increase food production to alleviate hunger and poverty.
It was a period that began in the 1960s during which agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by the adoption of technology, such as the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanized farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilizers.

Verticillaster inflorescence is a character of Labiatae.
Labiatae is a family of flowering plants as the mint or deadnettle or sage family.
Verticillaster inflorescence is a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers but consists of two crowded clusters. The leaves emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (decussate) or whorled.

The C₄ photosynthesis pathway is not in potatoes.
The C₄ pathway acts as a mechanism to build up high concentrations of carbon dioxide in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells.
The resulting higher level of internal carbon dioxide in these chloroplasts serves to increase the ratio of carboxylation to oxygenation, thus minimizing photorespiration.
Potato is classified as C₃ plants that assimilate atmospheric CO₂ directly through the C₃ photosynthetic pathway.