Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Triticale is Intergeneric cross.
An intergeneric hybrid is a cross between plants in two different genera in the same family. They are closely related enough that pollination will produce a hybrid, though the seeds of this hybrid are usually sterile.
Triticale is a hybrid of wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) first bred in laboratories during the late 19^th century. Triticale is almost always a second-generation hybrid, i.e., a cross between two kinds of primary (first-cross) triticales. The triticale hybrids are all amphidiploid, which means the plant is diploid for two genomes derived from different species.

a. Solute potential is also called osmotic potential. It is the pressure that needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
b. Pressure potential is also called turgor pressure. Turgor pressure is the hydrostatic pressure over ambient atmospheric pressure which can build up in living, walled cells.
c. Hydrophilic colloids lead to Imbibition. Hydrophilic colloids contain an outer shell of groups that interact favorably with water, thus causing cells to retain water and imbibe.
d. Exosmosis leads to plasmolysis. Exosmosis is the process by which water molecules flow out of the cell and over the cell membrane, and leads to shrinkage or plasmolysis of a cell.

In a mass selection, plants are selected based on Phenotypes.
In mass selection, seeds are collected from desirable appearing individuals in a population, and the next generation is sown from the stock of mixed seeds.
This procedure sometimes referred to as phenotypic selection, is based on how each individual looks.

The registered seeds are produced from Foundation seeds.
Registered seed shall be the progeny of foundation seed that is so handled as to maintain its genetic identity and purity according to standard specified for the particular crop being certified.
A purple colour certificate is issued for this category of seed.

The low neurotoxin variety of Lathyrus is Pusa 24.
Lathyrus is considered a drought-tolerant hardy crop, and is grown in low-rainfall regions under rainfed conditions, during winter when lentils and chickpeas are not expected to give good yields.
Its development into an important food legume, however, has been hindered by the presence of the neurotoxin - beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid (beta-ODAP) in seeds which, if consumed in large quantities for prolonged periods, can cause irreversible paralysis.

The production of hybrid seeds through male sterility requires a Male Sterile line, Maintainer line, and Restorer line.
Incorporating male sterility into hybrid seed production reduces its cost and ensures high varietal purity.
In a maintainer line (M), its cytoplasm is male fertile (normal) which interacts with a recessive male-sterile nuclear gene to jointly perform male-fertile phenotype.
The restorer line is used to restore the fertility in the hybrid after crossing with the ms A line in the hybrid production plot.

The notified variety of tomatoes is PKM 1, Pusa ruby, and CO3.
PKM 1: It is an induced mutant from Annanji.Fruits are flat and round with prominent green shoulder and are suitable for long-distance transport. Yield is 30 - 35 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 135 days.
Pusa Ruby: Variety is released by IARI, New Delhi. It is an early-growing cultivar, with fruits a have yellow stem ends, slightly furrowed with uniform ripening.
CO3: It is a hybrid between HN 2 × CLN 2123A. Yields about 96.2 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 140 - 145 days. Plants are semi-determinate (90 - 95 cm) and suitable for high-density planting.

In mass selection, the selection of plants is made based on Phenotypes.
In mass selection, seeds are collected from desirable appearing individuals in a population, and the next generation is sown from the stock of mixed seeds.
This procedure sometimes referred to as phenotypic selection, is based on how each individual looks.

Vitamin B₁₂ is one of the following compounds that contain cobalt.
Vitamin B₁₂ is also known as cobalamin, it contains cobalt.
It plays an essential role in red blood cell formation, cell metabolism, nerve function, and the production of DNA, the molecules inside cells that carry genetic information.
Food sources of vitamin B₁₂ include poultry, meat, fish and dairy products.

The genotypic ratio of progeny in a dihybrid test cross is 1 : 1 : 1 : 1.
A dihybrid cross describes a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
A dihybrid test cross is obtained by crossing any one parent with a heterozygous condition from the F1 generation with a parent which is double homozygous and recessive. The ratio obtained is 1 : 1 : 1 : 1.