Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The following are the inhibitors to cell wall synthesis:
A. Penicillin- Penicillins have been shown to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, and interact with penicillin-binding proteins, leading to bacterial lysis.
B. Oxamycin and Ristocatin- like most antibiotics these two also affect the synthesis of the cell wall.
C. Vancomycin- Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of serious infections by Gram-positive pathogens. Vancomycin inhibits cell wall biosynthesis by targeting the d-Ala-d-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan (PG).

The study of frequencies of the mating population is known as Population genetics.
Population genetics is the study of genetic variation within and among populations and the evolutionary factors that explain this variation.
Its foundation is the Hardy - Weinberg law, which is maintained as long as the population size is large, mating is at random, and mutation, selection and migration are negligible.

The direct and immediate visible effect of pollen grains on the seed coat colour during the formation of seeds is termed, Xenia.
Xenia is the effect of genes from the male parent on the development of fruit or seeds. It is used to identify the best pollenizer parents to decrease fruit development period and increase yield in mixed cultivar plantings.

The unblended expression of two different alleles for a trait in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is called Co-dominance.
Co-dominance, refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.
Gregor Mendel discovered the phenomenon of co-dominance while studying polygenetic traits and their inheritance.

The minimum number of primary samples to be taken from a seed lot for having a lot size of 50 - 500 kg is 6.
A primary sample is a small portion taken at random from different portions in the lot with an object to form a composite sample. Or, the sample which is taken from different bulk seed lot is called the primary sample.
It refers to sampling units that are selected in the first (primary) stage of a multi-stage sample ultimately aimed at selecting individual elements.

The seed replacement rate of pulses is 20%.
Seed Replacement Rate (SSR) or Seed Replacement Ratio is a measure of how much of the total cropped area was sown with certified seeds in comparison to farm-saved seeds.
A better seed replacement rate shows a better utilization of Certified/Quality Seeds. Certified seeds are better in productivity, hence the SRR is directly proportional to productivity.

Multiple alleles are present at the same locus in one type of chromosome.
Multiple alleles exist in a population when there are many variations of a gene present. In organisms with two copies of every gene, also known as diploid organisms, each organism can express two alleles at the same time.

With the reference to pure line selection in self-pollinated crops, the following statements are correct:
1. Pure line selection is essentially based on the genotype of the plant.
3. It is ineffective in creating new variations.
In pure line selection, large numbers of plants are selected from a self-pollinated crop and are harvested individually, individual plant progenies from them are evaluated separately and the best one is released as a pure line variety.

Photosystem-II takes place in Grana.
Photosystem II is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. It is located in the thylakoid membrane (Grana) of plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
Within the photosystem, enzymes capture photons of light to energize electrons that are then transferred through a variety of coenzymes and cofactors to reduce plastoquinone to plastoquinol. The energized electrons are replaced by oxidizing water to form hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen.

The modern method of seed storage is Ultra dry.
Dry storage with control of moisture content but not temperature. Orthodox seeds will retain viability longer, when dried to low moisture content (48%) and then stored in a sealed container or in a room in which humidity is controlled, than when stored in equilibrium with ambient air humidity.