Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

Nucleus seeds are the category of seeds that are not being produced in India.
Nucleus Seed is the initial amount of pure seed of improved variety or parental lines of a hybrid produced under the supervision of the plant breeder who has evolved that variety or hybrid.
The nucleus seed is genetically cent percent pure and does not contain other physical impurities. These are not produced in India.

Dispersion of one substance in the medium of another substance is called Diffusion.
Diffusion is the net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
It is the gradual movement/dispersion of concentration within a body, due to a concentration gradient, with no net movement of matter or substance.

The first step of seed processing is basic cleaning.
Processing of seeds is done based on one or more different physical characters of the seed which are seed size, length, weight, shape, surface texture, colour, affinity to liquid and electrical conductivity.
In processing, the first phase consists of scalping, debearding, hulling, and shelling to make the seed flow readily through the grader and cleaner (conditioning and basic cleaning).
The second phase includes the removal of inert material, weed seeds, and other crop and broken seeds that are larger or smaller than the crop seed.
In the final (separating and upgrading) phase, undesirable materials are separated from the seed.

Fusion of the male gamete and polar nucleus results in the formation of the Endosperm.
The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants following double fertilization.
It is triploid (meaning three chromosome sets per nucleus) in most species, which may be auxin-driven.
It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. This can make endosperm a source of nutrition in animal diets.

When a Tall plant (Tt) in a pea is crossed with another Tall plant (Tt), the probability of obtaining a dwarf plant is ¹/₄.
When Tt × Tt, the ratio of progeny formed will be 1 Homozygous tall (TT), 2 heterozygous tall (Tt), and 1 homozygous dwarf (tt).
Therefore, the probability of dwarf plants will be ¹/₄.

A restorer gene is present in Nucleus.
The restorer line is used to restore the fertility in the hybrid after crossing with the ms A line in the hybrid production plot.
Fertility restorer (Rf) genes block or compensate for specific mitochondrial dysfunctions that are phenotypically expressed during pollen development.
Different Rf genes have been identified and mapped on different chromosomes along with their molecular mechanisms in restoring fertility.

The cohesion-tension theory was proposed by Dixon and Jolly.
The cohesion-tension theory (C-T theory) by Boehm (1893) and Dixon and Joly (1894) postulates that the water ascent in trees is exclusively due to the transpirational pull from continuous water columns in the xylem conduit running from the roots to the leaves.
The cohesion-tension hypothesis states that transpiration drives xylem water flow. Negative water potential attracts soil water into root hairs and xylem. Water is drawn up the xylem by cohesion.

Germplasm theory was proposed by Weisman.
It is a biological concept developed in the 19^th century by the German biologist August Weismann.
It states that heritable information is transmitted only by germ cells in the gonads (ovaries and testes), not by somatic cells.

NBPGR is located in New Delhi.
The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) has its headquarters in New Delhi, located at a latitude of 28° 35' N, a longitude of 70° 18' E, and an altitude of 226 m above mean sea level.
The NBPGR played a pivotal role in the improvement of various crop plants and diversification and development of agriculture in India through germplasm introduction from various institutes/organizations located in foreign countries and germplasm collection from within the country and abroad and conservation thereof.

Multiline cultivars are deliberated mixtures of Isogenic lines.
Multiline variety is a mixture of several pure lines of similar phenotype but has different genes for the character under consideration the disease resistance means these are isogenic lines.
Isogenic lines are defined as individuals that possess the same genotype irrespective of their homo- or heterozygous nature.