Genetics And Plant Breeding MCQ Question and Answer | Agriculture MCQ Question

The stalk of the ovules is called Funicle.
The ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells.
The ovule is a small structure present in the ovary. It is attached to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. The funicle provides nourishment to the ovule.

The potassium ion exchange hypothesis of the opening and closing of stomata was given by Levitt. According to this theory, the opening and closing of stomata depend on the production of potassium ion gradient.
When the concentration of potassium ions increases in the guard cell, it allows the guard cell to absorb water from the surrounding cells. This turgidity of the guard cell cause opening of the stomata. However, a decrease in the concentration of potassium ions, makes guard cell flaccid and ultimately closed.

When both additive and non-additive genetettcets are important in the expression of a trait, the most appropriate solution scheme is the Pure line.
Additive genetic influence (A) describes the effect of multiple genes that exert influence in a linear or additive fashion. Non-additive genetic factors (NA), by contrast, describe the interactive effects of different alleles and include genetic dominance and epistasis.
A pure line means those breeds of organisms that have been generated through repeated self-fertilization and have become homozygous for a particular trait.

After chromosome doubling the allopolyploid have 2 homologous chromosomes for each chromosome present in the F1 hybrid, which is the same situation as in the diploid species known as Amhidiploid.
It is a plant originating from hybridization between two species in which the chromosome number is the sum of the chromosome numbers of both parental species. It behaves as an independent species.
Amphidiploid is a plant having the sum of the chromosome numbers of two parental species, owing to the doubling of the chromosomes in a hybrid of two species.

The effect of low atmospheric pressure on transpiration is it increases slowly.
The rate of transpiration is inversely proportional to the atmospheric pressure. if the atmospheric pressure is low, it causes an increase in the rate of transpiration. This happens because, at low pressure, the water vapour moves faster causing an increase in the rate of increase of transpiration.

Binomial nomenclature consists of Genus and species.
Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms.
Both codes consider the first part of the two-part name for a species to be the "generic name" of a genus. In the zoological code (ICZN), the second part of the name is a "specific name" i.e. species.

Formula of double monosomic is 2n - 1 - 1.
A double monosomic is missing one chromosome from each of two pairs of homologous chromosomes (designated 2N-1-1). Double monosomy is the loss of one chromosome from each of two pairs of homologous chromosomes.
The term "monosomy" is used to describe the absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes.

The word 'Mutation' was first used by Hugo de Vries.
Hugo Marie de Vries (16^th February 1848 - 21^st May 1935) was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of Gregor Mendel's work, introducing the term "mutation", and developing a mutation theory of evolution.

The fusion of a male gamete with two polar nuclei is often termed Triple fusion.
Double fertilization is a complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants (angiosperms). This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte (megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes.
The haploid sperm and haploid egg combine to form a diploid zygote, the process being called syngamy, while the other sperm and the two haploid polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte form a triploid nucleus (triple fusion).

a. Short-day plant is Glycine max (Soybean). Short-day plant flowers by lengthening the dark period. Soybean flowers as the days start to get shorter and the nights get longer.
b. Long day plant is Beta Vulgaris. Long-day plants are Plants that respond to the excess critical limit of day length.
c. Intermediate plant is Media elegans. Intermediate-life plants are plants that have a growth and production cycle exceeding one year, but less than those of trees and vines.
d. Day neutral plants is Phaseoulus vulgare. These are plants that flower regardless of the length of the period of light it is exposed to.