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Geomorphology and Surface Processes MCQs Questions & Answers | Geological Engineering

Learn and practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers related to Geomorphology and Surface Processes. These resources are available for Geological engineering students who wish to clear GATE exams, technical interviews, competitive examinations, and other entrance exams. The Geomorphology and Surface Processes chapter is particularly important for students studying Geological engineering.

1
What is the main agent responsible for the formation of V-shaped valleys?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
V-shaped valleys are created by river erosion, typically in the youthful stage of a river.The river cuts down vertically into the landscape due to strong vertical erosion.Glaciers form U-shaped valleys, while wind and landslides contribute to other surface features.
2
Which landform is created by glacial erosion?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
Cirques are bowl-shaped depressions found at the heads of glaciers.They are created by glacial erosion through processes like plucking and abrasion.Deltas are formed by river deposition, meanders by river erosion, and dunes by wind deposition.
3
What is the term for a bend or curve in a river?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
A meander is a curve in a river formed by lateral erosion and deposition.It is common in the mature and old stages of river evolution.Levees are raised riverbanks, floodplains are flat lands adjacent to rivers, and deltas form at river mouths.
4
Which of the following is an erosional feature formed by wind?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Yardangs are streamlined ridges formed by wind erosion, especially in desert areas.They are aligned with the prevailing wind direction.Drumlins are glacial, oxbow lakes are fluvial, and deltas are depositional river features.
5
What is the primary force behind mass wasting events?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Mass wasting refers to the downslope movement of rock and soil under the influence of gravity.While water can assist by saturating materials, gravity is the dominant force.Glacial pressure and wind are not primary causes of mass movement.
6
Which process leads to the formation of deltas?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A delta forms when a river loses its energy and deposits sediment at its mouth.This typically occurs where the river meets a standing body of water like a sea or lake.It is a depositional landform of fluvial origin.
7
What is a common feature of karst topography?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Sinkholes are depressions formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone.This is characteristic of karst topography, which includes caves, stalactites, and disappearing streams.Other options are not related to karst.
8
Which of these landforms is a product of river deposition?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
A levee is a natural embankment formed by repeated river flooding and sediment deposition.Moraine is glacial, cirque is also glacial, and yardang is wind-formed.
9
What is the result of headward erosion?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Headward erosion refers to the process by which a stream lengthens its course upstream.It can result in river capture, where one stream diverts the flow of another.This leads to changes in watershed boundaries.
10
In arid regions, ephemeral streams are called?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A wadi is a dry riverbed that occasionally fills with water after heavy rains in desert regions.It is a typical landform of arid and semi-arid climates.Other terms refer to permanent or different fluvial features.