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Geomorphology and Surface Processes MCQs Questions & Answers | Geological Engineering

Learn and practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers related to Geomorphology and Surface Processes. These resources are available for Geological engineering students who wish to clear GATE exams, technical interviews, competitive examinations, and other entrance exams. The Geomorphology and Surface Processes chapter is particularly important for students studying Geological engineering. Page-2 section-1

11
A fan-shaped deposit formed where a river exits a mountain range is called?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
An alluvial fan forms where a river rapidly loses gradient and velocity, depositing sediments in a fan shape.This typically occurs at mountain fronts in arid or semi-arid areas.
12
What is the steepest angle at which loose material remains stable on a slope?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which material remains stable without sliding.It depends on the size, shape, and moisture of the particles.This concept is critical in understanding slope stability.
13
Which coastal landform results from erosion?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A stack is a tall rock column formed when a sea arch collapses due to coastal erosion.It is commonly found along cliffed coastlines.Spits, tombolos, and beaches are depositional features.
14
What is abrasion in geomorphology?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Abrasion is the mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving agents like water, ice, or wind.It is a form of mechanical erosion that contributes to landscape evolution.
15
Which landform is commonly associated with glacier deposition?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
A drumlin is a smooth, elongated hill composed of glacial till.It is aligned with the direction of ice flow and formed beneath moving glaciers.It is a classic glacial depositional landform.
16
What is the term for a crescent-shaped dune formed by wind action?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
A barchan is a crescent-shaped sand dune formed by consistent wind direction in desert environments.The horns of the dune point downwind.Yardangs are wind-eroded ridges, cirques are glacial, and loess is wind-blown silt.
17
Which process is primarily responsible for weathering of rocks in desert climates?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option D
Solution:
Thermal expansion due to extreme diurnal temperature changes causes physical weathering in deserts.This repeated heating and cooling causes rocks to fracture.Freeze-thaw is more effective in cold climates.
18
What is a natural levee composed of?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A natural levee is built up by the deposition of coarse sediments from floodwaters.These are deposited close to the river channel due to sudden energy loss during flooding.
19
What is the main cause of river meandering?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Meandering is caused by lateral erosion and deposition due to variations in flow velocity across a river channel.The faster side erodes, while the slower side deposits sediment, forming curves.
20
Which is a depositional landform created by glaciers?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A moraine is a pile of unsorted glacial debris (till) deposited by a glacier.Arete, horn, and cirque are erosional glacial features.