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Geomorphology and Surface Processes MCQs Questions & Answers | Geological Engineering

Learn and practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers related to Geomorphology and Surface Processes. These resources are available for Geological engineering students who wish to clear GATE exams, technical interviews, competitive examinations, and other entrance exams. The Geomorphology and Surface Processes chapter is particularly important for students studying Geological engineering. Page-8 section-1

71
What is the main factor that influences the velocity of river flow?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Channel shape and slope (gradient) largely control river velocity.Steep gradients and narrow channels increase flow speed, affecting erosion and deposition.
72
A meander that gets cut off from the main river forms what feature?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
An oxbow lake forms when a river's meander loop is cut off, creating a U-shaped isolated water body.This is a typical feature of old rivers.
73
What is the shape of a youthful river valley?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A V-shaped valley is formed by a youthful river cutting down vertically through the landscape.It reflects dominant vertical erosion.
74
What geomorphic process involves the downward movement of soil due to gravity?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Mass wasting is the downslope movement of rock, soil, or debris under gravity's influence.It includes landslides, slumps, and creep.
75
Which glacial feature is formed by deposition at the end of a glacier?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
A terminal moraine marks the furthest advance of a glacier and is composed of debris deposited at its snout.It's an important indicator of past glacial extent.
76
Which of the following is a depositional landform created by glaciers?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
An esker is a long, winding ridge formed by sediment deposition from meltwater streams flowing within or beneath a glacier.It indicates past glacial meltwater channels.
77
Which feature results from chemical weathering of limestone?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution:
Karst topography is formed by the chemical dissolution of limestone, producing sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage.It is common in humid regions.
78
What causes exfoliation in rocks?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
Solution:
Exfoliation occurs when overlying rock is removed (unloading), reducing pressure and causing layers to peel off like onion skins.Typical in granitic terrains.
79
What is the general direction of sediment transport in a longshore current?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option D
Solution:
Longshore currents transport sediments parallel to the shoreline, driven by waves hitting the coast at an angle.This shapes beaches and spits.
80
What is the flat-topped, steep-sided hill left behind after erosion of a plateau called?
Discuss
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution:
A mesa is a broad, flat-topped hill with steep sides, formed by erosion of horizontally layered rocks.When further eroded, it may become a butte.